Magma
If you could travel to the center of the Earth, you would find that it gets hotter and hotter as you travel deeper. The heat is naturally produced when radioactive elements break apart. Within the Earth’s mantle layer it is hot enough that much of the rock has melted, turning it into a liquid that we call molten rock.The molten rock is called magma. Magma is so hot that it glows white and is so bright that you’d need sunglasses to look at it! If it flows into an area underground that is less hot, it cools, becomes yellow, and then increasingly deeper shades of red. As it cools slowly, minerals crystallize from the melt forming intrusive igneous rocks like granite.
If magma finds a crack in the Earth and comes to the surface, it is called lava and cools to form extrusive igneous rocks like basalt

岩浆
如果你可以去地心旅行，你会发现随着你向下深入会变得越来越热。这热量是放
射性元素分裂时自然产生的。在地球的地幔层内部温度已经高到大部分岩石都被
融化了，变成了一种我们称为熔融岩石的液体。这些熔融岩石被称作岩浆。岩浆
是如此炙热以至于变成白色并且发出非常亮的光芒以至于你必须带上太阳镜才能
直视！如果它流到了地下不那么炎热的区域，它会冷却，变成黄色，然后进一步
产生红色的阴影。随着岩浆的缓慢冷却，岩浆中的矿物结晶析出产生了像是花岗
岩这样的侵入火成岩。
如果岩浆发现了地面上的裂口并且来到了地表，就会被称作“火山熔岩”然后在
冷却后形成玄武岩那样的喷出火成岩。