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财神和福禄寿星

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一:财神

财 神 有 文 财 神 和 武 财 神 之 区 分 。 当 今 道 教 宫 观 中 的 财 神 神 像 , 多 为 黑 面 浓 须 , 骑 黑 虎 , 一 手 执 银 鞭 , 一 手 持 元 宝 , 全 副 戎 装 。 该 财 神 像 当 为 武 财 神 , 即 赵 公 元 帅 像 。 赵 公 元 帅 , 即 赵 公 明 、 赵 玄 坛 。 魏 晋 南 北 朝 时 期 成 书 的 《 搜 神 记 》 和 《 真 诰 》 等 , 都 有 赵 公 明 的 神 迹 , 但 只 是 司 土 下 冢 中 事 , 或 是 瘟 神 。 元 明 之 间 , 赵 公 明 的 神 迹 才 有 完 整 的 记 载 称 , 赵 公 元 帅 姓 赵 名 朗 、 玄 朗 , 字 公 明 , 终 南 山 人 。 原 是 日 精 之 一 。 古 时 天 有 九 日 , 九 日 被 后 羿 射 下 以 後 , 变 化 为 九 鸟 , 墬 落 於 青 城 山 , 变 成 九 鬼 王 。 八 鬼 行 病 害 人 , 但 是 赵 玄 朗 却 独 化 为 人 , 避 隐 蜀 中 , 精 修 至 道 。 张 陵 在 青 城 山 炼 丹 时 , 收 赵 玄 朗 护 卫 丹 室 。 天 师 丹 成 , 分 丹 饵 之 , 遂 能 变 化 无 方 。 赵 玄 朗 食 丹 以 後 , 其 形 酷 似 天 师 。 天 师 遂 命 其 永 镇 玄 坛 , 故 号 玄 坛 元 帅 。 《 三 教 搜 神 大 全 》 称 其 能 " 驱 雷 役 电 , 唤 雨 呼 风 , 除 瘟 剪 疟 , 保 病 禳 灾 " , " 至 如 讼 冤 伸 抑 , 公 能 使 之 解 释 , 公 平 买 卖 求 财 , 公 能 使 之 获 利 和 合 。 但 有 公 平 之 事 , 可 以 对 神 祷 , 无 不 如 意 " 。 明 代 小 说 《 封 神 演 义 》 有 姜 子 牙 封 神 一 节 , 封 赵 公 明 为 金 龙 如 意 正 乙 龙 虎 玄 坛 真 君 , 率 领 招 宝 天 尊 、 纳 珍 天 尊 、 招 财 使 者 和 利 市 仙 官 等 , 统 管 人 世 间 一 切 金 银 财 宝 。 除 了 赵 公 元 帅 以 外 , 民 间 亦 有 以 关 帝 和 明 代 无 锡 御 城 战 死 的 何 五 路 为 武 财 神 的 。  
文 财 神 的 由 来 : 文 财 神 , 民 间 所 指 甚 多 , 如 : 比 干 、 范 蠡 、 财 帛 星 君 和 福 禄 寿 三 星 中 的 禄 星 等 。 文 财 神 多 见 於 民 间 雕 塑 和 木 版 年 画 , 大 多 是 锦 衣 玉 带 、 冠 冕 朝 靴 , 脸 色 白 净 , 面 带 笑 容 , 适 合 新 春 喜 庆 , 堂 室 张 挂 。 文 财 神 或 是 生 前 巨 富 , 或 是 升 仙 後 奉 命 管 理 人 间 财 帛 、 人 世 爵 位 。 文 财 神 大 多 并 未 进 入 道 教 神 系 , 亦 少 有 经 籍 传 世 。 


奉 祀 : 旧 时 称 财 神 赵 公 明 神 诞 之 日 为 三 月 十 五 日 ( 亦 有 称 正 月 初 二 的 ) , 道 教 徒 多 於 神 诞 之 日 到 道 观 中 奉 祀 财 神 , 祈 求 五 榖 丰 登 , 财 源 亨 通 。 不 过 , 民 间 传 说 正 月 初 五 日 为 财 神 下 凡 、 巡 察 人 世 的 日 子 , 因 此 , 民 间 多 於 初 五 清 早 放 鞭 炮 、 舞 狮 子 , 俗 称 「 接 财 神 」 , 祈 求 春 节 以 後 开 市 大 吉 , 财 源 滚 滚 。 


1楼2006-08-24 10:58回复
    赵元帅满脸髯,怒目喷张,身骑黑虎,左手握竹节铜鞭,右手执黄金元宝,并称为财神爷


    2楼2006-08-24 10:59
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      招财童子


      3楼2006-08-24 10:59
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        二:福禄寿星 

        福 禄 寿 星 的 由 来 :道 教 的 福 禄 寿 三 星 之 说 , 约 起 於 明 代 。 成 仪 於 明 代 的 《 金 箓 斋 玄 灵 转 经 早 朝 行 道 仪 》 , 其 中 在 为 皇 家 转 诵 《 太 上 玄 灵 北 斗 本 命 延 生 真 经 》 时 , 祈 请 神 灵 中 , 除 有 三 清 、 玉 帝 、 北 斗 九 星 君 以 外 , 还 要 祈 请 「 南 极 老 人 寿 德 星 君 」 、 「 上 清 福 德 星 君 」 、 「 上 清 禄 德 星 君 」 。 同 是 明 代 成 仪 的 《 金 箓 斋 延 寿 设 醮 仪 》 中 , 也 有 祈 请 「 上 清 福 禄 寿 三 星 真 君 」 。 《 中 天 紫 微 星 真 宝 忏 》 朝 礼 各 星 君 时 , 也 有 礼 拜 「 福 星 天 德 星 君 、 禄 星 天 佑 星 君 、 寿 星 老 人 星 君 」 的 内 容 。 但 是 , 福 禄 寿 三 星 之 所 指 , 道 书 和 民 间 历 来 众 说 纷 纭 。 大 约 成 书 於 明 代 初 年 的 《 金 箓 祈 寿 早 朝 仪 》 称 「 南 极 老 人 福 禄 寿 三 星 真 君 」 , 据 文 意 , 似 乎 将 福 禄 寿 三 星 统 归 於 「 南 极 老 人 」 名 下 。 现 在 , 道 教 和 一 般 民 众 大 致 认 为 , 福 星 指 的 是 天 官 ; 禄 星 指 的 是 文 昌 ; 寿 星 指 的 是 南 极 老 人 。 奉 祀 寿 星 , 起 於 先 秦 。 《 史 记 》 的 《 封 禅 书 》 称 , 秦 时 「 於 杜 、 亳 有 三 社 主 之 祠 、 寿 星 祠 」 。 《 史 记 索 隐 》 注 称 , 「 寿 星 , 盖 南 极 老 人 星 也 , 见 则 天 下 理 安 , 故 祠 之 以 祈 福 寿 」 。 可 见 , 秦 汉 之 时 , 奉 祀 寿 星 可 以 祈 福 祈 寿 。 齐 梁 高 道 陶 弘 景 《 真 灵 位 业 图 》 列 南 极 老 人 丹 陵 上 真 为 「 太 极 左 位 」 。 汉 代 以 降 , 一 直 列 为 国 家 祀 典 。 但 是 , 明 代 洪 武 三 年 起 , 以 其 为 妄 而 罢 祀 。 然 而 , 道 教 中 的 奉 祀 依 旧 , 并 且 , 将 其 与 天 官 、 文 昌 同 列 为 福 禄 寿 三 星 。 


        三 星 职 司 : 福 星 天 官 , 当 以 赐 福 为 职 。 《 三 官 灯 仪 》 称 , 「 真 都 元 阳 , 紫 微 宫 主 , 自 然 大 圣 , 赐 福 天 官 , 统 摄 天 界 , 役 使 鬼 神 , 保 天 长 存 」 。 禄 星 文 昌 , 文 昌 有 六 星 , 其 中 司 禄 星 , 纬 书 《 春 秋 元 命 苞 》 称 「 司 禄 赏 功 进 士 」 , 主 文 人 之 功 名 利 禄 。 寿 星 南 极 老 人 星 , 《 史 记 正 义 》 称 「 为 人 主 占 寿 命 延 长 之 应 」 。 


        奉 祀 :有 福 、 得 禄 和 长 寿 等 三 个 目 标 , 一 直 是 中 国 道 教 信 徒 和 普 通 民 众 追 求 的 共 同 理 想 。 因 此 , 明 代 以 降 , 民 间 对 福 禄 寿 三 星 的 奉 祀 经 久 不 衰 。 道 教 宫 观 , 尽 管 少 有 专 门 设 立 的 福 禄 寿 三 星 君 殿 , 但 是 单 独 供 奉 寿 星 的 仍 较 普 遍 。 中 国 福 禄 寿 三 星 瓷 雕 至 今 仍 然 有 人 请 回 家 供 奉 , 并 预 先 在 道 观 中 开 光 分 灵 , 以 求 灵 验 , 护 佑 合 家 有 福 、 得 禄 和 长 寿 。


        4楼2006-08-24 11:01
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          福禄寿星


          5楼2006-08-24 11:01
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            弟子虔诚顶礼叩拜!财神和福禄寿星。
            求财神和福禄寿星保佑弟子!!


            6楼2006-08-24 11:19
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