西班牙海军上将，那不勒斯的唐·费德里克·卡洛斯·格拉维纳

Don Federico Carlos Gravina y Nápoli, (Palermo, Sicily, 1756 - Cadiz, 1806), was a Spanish Admiral during the American Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, who died of wounds sustained during the Battle of Trafalgar.
那不勒斯的唐·费德里克·卡洛斯·格拉维纳（1756年出生于西西里岛帕勒莫，1806年死于加迪斯）在美国独立战争和拿破仑战争时是一名西班牙海军上将，在特拉法尔加海战中受伤致死。

He was the son of Don Juan Gravina y Moncada and Doña Leonor Napoli y Monteaporto. His family originated in Sicily, then part of the Kingdom of Naples, and ruled by a Spanish Bourbon dynasty. With the help of his uncle, the Neapolitan Ambassador to Spain, he entered the Spanish Navy, as a naval cadet aged 12.
他是蒙卡达的唐·约翰·格拉纳达和马提波多的多纳·莱昂诺尔·那不勒斯的儿子。他的家族起源于西西里，然后西西里成为由西班牙波旁皇朝统治的那不勒斯王国的一部分。在他那不勒斯驻西班牙大使的叔叔的帮助下，他以12岁的海军军校学生的身份加入了西班牙海军。

He then served as Midshipman on board the frigate Santa Clara in Brazil. In the course of this voyage, he carried out his first command when obtaining the surrender of the castle of the Ascensión, located in a small barren island near Santa Catalina
然后，他作为海军军校学生在巴西圣克拉拉的护卫舰上，在这次航行当中，他执行了他的第一个命令，使在圣卡塔利娜附近的一个小荒岛上的阿森松城堡投降。

In 1777 he survived a boat accident in the River Plate in which most of the crew drowned. In 1778, on returning to Spain, he served as a lieutenant aboard a ship suppressing Algerian pirates. He then obtained his first command - the xebec San Luis - in which he participated in the Siege of Gibraltar between 1779 and 1782.
1777年在河床，其中大部份船员都淹死而他幸存了。在1778年返回西班牙的途中，他作为中尉在去镇口压阿尔及利亚海盗的一艘货轮上。然后他作为小型三桅帆船圣·路易斯号的船长参加了1779与1782年的围困直布罗陀作战。

After promotion to Commander he participated in the expedition against Minorca (then under British control), distinguishing himself in the attack on the fortress of San Felipe. After this, and for other actions, he was promoted to Captain. In 1785 he commanded a squadron operating against Algerian corsairs. In 1788 he travelled to Constantinople returning the Ambassador Jussuf Efendi
不同于他自己对圣费利佩要塞的进攻，在晋升船长之后他参加了反对远征当时在英国控制下的米诺卡的行动，在此之后，他在其他行动中晋升为上尉。在1785年他指挥一个中队与阿尔及利亚海盗对抗。1788年他前往伊斯坦布尔接大使约瑟夫·艾芬迪回国。

While there he made and published various astronomical observations. After the death of King Charles III, Gravina took the news to the colonies, where his frigate Paz recorded one of the fastest-ever times for passages from Cadiz to the Spanish possessions in Central America.
那时他写并出版了许多的天文观测，在国王卡洛斯三世死后，格拉纳达得到殖民地的新闻，他的护卫舰帕兹用最短的时间从加迪斯到达了中美洲西班牙的殖民地

继续翻译去

In 1790 he was given command of a ship-of-the line, the Paula, in which he took part in the evacuation of Oran. The same year saw him demonstrate his administrative talents for the first time. During the Nootka Sound Crisis, Gravina organised the formation of a Spanish fleet, the largest in 200 years. However, the crisis was eventually solved by diplomatic means.
1790年他指挥一艘航线上的船-保拉号, 并且参加了在奥兰的撤退。同年，他首次展现了他的管理才能。在努卡特危机，格拉维纳组织了200年来最大规模的西班牙舰队，然而，危机最终通过外交手段解决了。

In 1796 Spain signed the treaty of San Ildefonso with France, making peace and later entering the war against Britain. Gravina fought in a squadron under Don Jose de Mazarredo. In 1801 he was sent to San Domingo in the West Indies in command of the Spanish fleet during the Haiti expedition under the French General Charles Leclerc.
1796年西班牙与法国签订埃尔德枫索和平条约后加入了对英国的战争。格拉维纳的战斗中队在唐·何塞·德·马萨利多的指挥之下。1801年他前往西印度群岛的圣多明各去指挥西班牙舰队在法国将军查尔斯·勒克莱尔的指挥下远征海地

In 1804 he was appointed Ambassador to France in Paris. He accepted this position on one condition: if war should break out he would immediately return to the military.
1804年他被任命为驻法国大使，住在巴黎。他接受了这一任命，但有一个先决条件：如果打起仗来，他将立即返回军队

马克

xebec是阿拉伯三角帆船吧，不是啥小型三桅帆船。

航线上的船……战列舰啊。