凝凝加油~~~！

加油！

OG-12 3-8
总结：这篇略简单，大体上都听出来了，就是少数单词拼写还有问题啊- -那个女生一吞音又要听好多遍~~
PS：托福的世界里，男生都好白痴- -一个问题问个10几遍你烦不烦……
终于搞明白了还来句that's cool....你3岁么？~~
Ok,so ,what do you think we should go over next?
How about if we go over the stuff about how bacteria become (resistant) to (antibiotics)?
Ok,
Ham,but first of all,how many pages do we have left.I told my roommate ,I will meet her at the library at 12 o'clock,
En, it's only a few pages left, we should be finishing in a few minutes.
OK,so,hum..
about how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics.
Oh yeah ,ok ,so you know,some bacteria shows are able to resist the drug we use to against them.And that's because they have the special genes that protect them from the drugs.
Right.If I remember correctly ,I think the genes like,weaken the antibiotics, like stop the antibiotics getting into the bacteria itself? something like that?
exactly,so when bacteria have these genes , it's very diffcult for the antibiotics to kill the bacteria.
Right
So do you remember what those genes are called?
En...
Resistant genes.
Resistant genes, right , resistant genes.Ok.
And that makes sense , right ? because ,they help the bateria risist the antibiotics ,
Yes,that makes sense Ok?
OK,but the question is , how do bacteria get the resistant genes.
How do they get the resistant genes, they just (inherit) them from their parents, all right?
OK,that's ture , they can inherit from their parents , but , that's not what I am talking about.
ok
I am talking about how they get resistant genes from other (cells) in the environment, you know , from other (cells) around them ,
Oh I see what's your mean , Is that the stuff about hopping genes , or some thing like that ?
right, although they actually they are called jumpping genes , not hopping genes
Oh , ok , jumping genes
yeah , but they had another name too that I can't think of , hum ,let me see , if I can find it here in the book.
I think it is probaby on....
Ou !Ok here it is .Transposons . That's what they are called.
Let me see . OK , Transposons. so Transposons is another name for jumping genes?
Right , and this Transposons are ,you konw like little bit of DNA , they are able to move from one cell to another , that's why they are called jumping genes , that kind of ,you know , jump , from one cell to another .
OK ,
And these Transposons are (how) resistant genes are able to get form one bacteria cell to another bacteria cell . What happen is that resistant genes from one cell attach itself to Transposons and then (when) the Transposons jump to another cell ........
The other cell get through resistant genes , and....
Great!
That's how (it) becomes resistant to antibiotics
Wow! That's very cool , so that's how it happens.
That's how it happens.


3-9 0G-13
总结：9号的作业拖到10号……又懒了……
这次听的还好，不过反应还是慢啊……要想一下才反应过来，真纠结> <
听完困了，睡觉！~
So , I want to discuss a few other terms here, actually some , some ideas about how we manage our resources . Let's talk about , what that means . If we take a resource like ...water now maybe we should get a little more specific (here) , back from (more) general case , and talk about underground water in particular . So , (hydro) geologists try to finger out how much water can you take out from the underground sources . That has been an important question . ( Let me) ask you guys , how much water ,based on what you know so far , could you take out of . Say (an aquifer) under the city.
As much as (what) get recharged?
Ok , so we wouldn't take out any more than natural comes into it , the (implication) is that, well if you only take as much out as it comes in . (You’re not gonna to deplete the mount of) water that stored in there , right? Wrong. But that's a principle . Let's see idea behind how we manage our water supplies .It's called , save yield . Basically what this method said is you can pump as much water out of the system as natural recharges , as natural flows back in , so this principle of save yield , it's based on balancing what we take out with what get recharged . But ,what it dose is it ingores how much water natural come out of the system . And the natural system (of certain matter of) recharge comes in , and the certain matter of water natural flows out to strain, spring , and lakes . And (over) long term , the amount that’s stored in the aquifer, doesn't really change much . That's balanced . Now ,humans come in . And starting taking the water out of the system , how have we changed the equation
It's not balanced anymore?
Right , we take water out , but water also natural flows out, and the recharge rate doesn't change , so the result is we reduce the amount of the water stored underground system . If we keep doing it long enough ,if you pump as much water out as natural comes in ,regularly the underground water (level will drop) . And when that happens , that can affect surface water . How? Well the underground system is their natural discharge points . places that the water flows out from the underground systems . up to lakes and streams .Well ,a drop of the water level can means those discharge points will eventually dry out . That means water not getting to lakes and streams that depend on it . So ,(we) end up (reducing) surface water supply too , you know ,in the state of Arizona , we are managing some major water supplies with the principle of save yield , under that method , we will eventual dry up the natural discharge points of these aquifer systems . Now ,why is this issue ? Well , aren't (some of you going to want)to living in the state for a while . won't your kid grow up here , your kids' kids?
You might be concerned with ,dose Arizona have water supply with which is (sustainable) , key word here ,what that means , the general definition of sustainable is (whether it) be enough to meet the need of present without compromising the ability of future that have availability to have the same resource, I hope you see this two ideas (are incompatible) , sustainability and save yield , because what sustainability means that sustainable for all systems depend on water ,for the people that use it , and for ,for supply water to the depend lakes and streams , I need to repeat this ,so if we use a save yield method , (we’re) only balancing what we take out with what get recharged , but don't forget ,water also flows out naturally ,then the amount stored underground is gradually getting reduced , and that can lead to another problem , these discharge points ,with water flows out to the lakes and streams ,they (are gonna to) dry up.

我看着都眼睛疼一一
凝凝真的要加油呀!!

3-13 OG-16
Ok, if we are going to discuss (goodness) and justice , what makes an individual good , or a society just or viruous , then we need to start with the ancient Greeks. So ,we will star with plato . Plato's philosophy , now some of you may have studied palto's philosophy in some other course , so this might be easy , ok at risk of boring you ,let me give you just an over view plato's philosophy theory . Plato says the soul has , (and) by soul , he simply means that which (animates) the body , gives a life , anyway ,he says the soul has there sperate parts , called ,(faculties) , which we'll come back to , he believes that goodness and individual was to be found when the there parts of the soul work together . When they (weren't) in conflict but exist in (harmony) ,a good or just person , will have a soul in which the three faculties work well together .So how does he arrive that analysis , well ,he starts out his very famous work <the republic> , he starts out by saying it's very difficult to get a (grasp of what) theindividual soul looks like, so to get some idea ,what the individual human soul looks like he says we should sutudy the structure of the society ,what kinds of people and activities a erery society has (to have) .He argues that every society has to have three groups of people , workers,soldiers and leaders , and each has a defining characteristic . Every society has to have workers, like farmers or people who work on factories , producing all the things we need for every day life , and accroding to plato , the key feature of workers , is they are focus on their ( own) desires or appetites , interested in satisfying their needs of body , so workers are associated with desire . Ok, if you live in a society that has a good (amount ) of wealth , good agriculture ,good industry , other society are probably trying to take it , so you need a class of soliders , who are supposed to pretect the state from (external threats) , well the soliders , well ,they are going to be in a dangerous situation quit frequently , so ,you need people with a , a lot of high (spirit) , an emotional type of individual emotion is what chacterizes this group , and then plota says , the third group you need is leaders , their main (role) will be to think (rationally) , to use their ration and intellect to make descion . As descion makers , leader determines what state is to do , how the affairs of the citizens are to be run , plate then asks himself , ok ,as soon we have gots such a society with these three groups , when the society be a good , a just society , well you can only have a good society , when these three parts are working together , each doing its propriate thing , and plato can only believe these can only happen if workers and soliders learn (moderation) , or self control, but why , why do workers and soliders have to learn self-control , well how can a society (flourish) if the workers and soliders don't control their desires and emotions, plato thinks that if they are not (under) control , workers will sleep too much , and play too much , so they are not going to get their jobs done , and soilders need to channal their high (spiritedness) in a certain direction , (pecisely) by being courageous , but you're not going to get there ( automatically) , you need to teach them this kind of moderation , so you need an eduction system that first of all ,will train the leaders , so they will make good descions , so they will (know) what's wise , then make leaders responable , turn over to them the education of the other two groups , and through education , build the society that the workers , and soliders learn to use the intellect to control their desires and emotions , if you had all of that , for plato ,you (would) have a good or just society , now take that picture , that social political picture , and apply to the individual person , you remember about the soul ? That consists of three separate parts or faculties , can you guess what they are ?Desires ,emotions , intellect , the characteristics associate with the three groups society , and can you guess how plato defint a good or just person ? Well , it is parallel how we characterize a good or just society , the three parts have to be in harmony , (In each of us ), are desires and emotions ,often get the better of us and lead us to do foolish things , they are in conflict with the intellect , so to get them to all work together , to co-exist in harmony , every people need to be shaped in the same way that we shape society , through the education system , individuals must be educated to use their intellect , to control their emotion and desires.That's harmony in the soul.

看来很勤奋的样子啊

其实一点也不……

求翻译。。。

写出来已经不错了！热闹还要求翻译~~太坏了！~~~

几天没写啦哈～

师父你肿么停了捏= =

做真题去了~~~

楼主你好，我在找老师发的一套题的原音，正好是你听的这个，所以想问一下楼主这些是在哪个网站或者什么地方上听的，如果方便，烦请告知，感谢。