Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.I

So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.I

But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads

“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”I

The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes inI

最后一段的翻译很是问题，就是作者到底表述的是对标准化测试是赞同还是反对。既然前面说思维已经只剩下两种了，创新和协作已经没了，那么就是说对于标准化是反对的，鼓励创新，那就应该开辟新的领域。张剑13版表示的就是这个观点，然后14版说的是人不是无所不能，所以术业有专攻，应该在自己擅长的领域继续深究。求教，最后一段那些代词到底都指的什么？？？很困惑I

25.Ryan most probably agree thatA.ideas are born of a relaxing mindB.innovativeness could be taughtC.decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas答案选A，就是不赞同标准化咯？是在不明白。。。。

我也再疑惑这个问题 找了些参考 大多数是理解为 反对标准化 That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness 里的that ，it 指的标准化 但是黄皮书里说指的是美国的信仰体系 看了几遍都觉得 自相矛盾 颠倒不一 坑爹啊