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3 Toothpaste
I guess you brush your teeth _____or three times a day. _________there are lots of different flavors of toothpaste available in the market, it is ______to make a new _____ of toothpaste yourself. Today, DIY, that is, ____________, is popular. Let’s experience the fun of DIY together.
To make toothpaste yourself, you must first learn its ingredients and formula. If you consult the Internet, you can find information ______toothpaste. Just follow the basic directions and you will make a new flavor of toothpaste_____ ______ ______ _______..
________ _________, toothpaste can _____ _____ ______ ordinary toothpaste and medicinal toothpaste. The ordinary toothpaste ______ basically _____an abrasive agent, foaming agent, perfumes and water. _____ _______ ______ these basic ingredients, the medicinal toothpaste contains various drugs to cure various common oral diseases.
On Jan.19,2003, in the Austrian National Library, people discovered a piece of ancient Egyptian paper over 1,700 years old. It was ____ ____ strange words. What did these words describe ? decoding them, we know that they described a magic powder ______ could whiten and _________ human teeth. In fact, it was a _____ _____ toothpaste. At that time, toothpaste was a luxury, and common people couldn’t easily get it. But now toothpaste is a very common item. There are numerous types of toothpaste available in stores.
____ _____ _____ that ancient Egyptians used their fingers to dip salt to clean their teeth. _____ ______ _____ _____ the 15th century, the Chinese invented the world’s first toothbrush by ________ pig bristles_______ sticks . In 1938, the world’s first toothbrush made ______ nylon emerged.
Now people have gradually learnt that our mouths are very suitable homes ______ germs. Though they don’t harm our teeth directly, their by-products can cause serious oral diseases.
I guess you brush your teeth _____or three times a day. _________there are lots of different flavors of toothpaste available in the market, it is ______to make a new _____ of toothpaste yourself. Today, DIY, that is, ____________, is popular. Let’s experience the fun of DIY together.
To make toothpaste yourself, you must first learn its ingredients and formula. If you consult the Internet, you can find information ______toothpaste. Just follow the basic directions and you will make a new flavor of toothpaste_____ ______ ______ _______..
________ _________, toothpaste can _____ _____ ______ ordinary toothpaste and medicinal toothpaste. The ordinary toothpaste ______ basically _____an abrasive agent, foaming agent, perfumes and water. _____ _______ ______ these basic ingredients, the medicinal toothpaste contains various drugs to cure various common oral diseases.
On Jan.19,2003, in the Austrian National Library, people discovered a piece of ancient Egyptian paper over 1,700 years old. It was ____ ____ strange words. What did these words describe ? decoding them, we know that they described a magic powder ______ could whiten and _________ human teeth. In fact, it was a _____ _____ toothpaste. At that time, toothpaste was a luxury, and common people couldn’t easily get it. But now toothpaste is a very common item. There are numerous types of toothpaste available in stores.
____ _____ _____ that ancient Egyptians used their fingers to dip salt to clean their teeth. _____ ______ _____ _____ the 15th century, the Chinese invented the world’s first toothbrush by ________ pig bristles_______ sticks . In 1938, the world’s first toothbrush made ______ nylon emerged.
Now people have gradually learnt that our mouths are very suitable homes ______ germs. Though they don’t harm our teeth directly, their by-products can cause serious oral diseases.
3 Snow-melting Agent
A heavy snow can _________ __________. This means ____ ______ _______ next year. But a heavy snow will also_______ _________ to _______ big cities_______ Moscow and Beijing.
When a _________ air current _______ a heavy snow to a big city, _______ Moscow, its busy streets_______ soon ________ __________ a thick_______ __________ snow. Moscow people have to _________ snow ____________ the streets ______ cars cannot move safely. Now the question is : ________ to clear off the snow ?
Many ways can ______ ________ ______ clear off the snow. One of the commonest ways _____ ___ scatter the snow-melting agent salt on the streets. It can _______ snow ______ ______. It is _______ to clear snow than melt ice. Then the snow is ___________ and ________ on the roadsides. Now, cars can move __________ again.
But the snow-melt agent salt can also ______ _________ ________ the city environment. Here is an example. ________ the spring of 2003, over 300000 trees died in Beijing. Scientists studied the soils round these trees. They found _________ _________ about the soils . These soils contained salt 392 _______ __________ than normal soils. Where did the excessive salt come from ? The answer was the snow-melting agent salt. Beijing used it in the previous winter.
________ addition , salt can corrode the steel bars under a building. It will _________ their life.
Now, scientists have developed some safer snow-melting agents. Even so, we have to be very _________ __________ them. They still may bring disasters. The safest tools______ clear off snow are _________ and snow vehicles.
4．Declaring War on Stomach Diseases
Most people _______ ______ _______ the disease of stomach-ache. And many people have ______ _________ it personally. Medicines can reduce the pain. But patients still ______ something ______ cure the disease.
Our stomach is in an open ___________ . Foods _______ the stomach and __________ us ________ necessary energy and heat . But bacteria also get into the stomach _____ ______ _______ _______ . In the past people thought : “Don’t worry. The stomach is _____ ______ living bacteria because the acid in the stomach kills those bacteria that get into it.” This was the traditional idea about the stomach and the bacteria in it, ________ is not right.
_______ people do not eat ________, their stomachs ________ _______ . Patients _______ stomach troubles often have ________ stomachs. So they thought acidity caused the _______ in their stomachs. Again, this is not right.
If the acid stomach is not______ ________ _______ the pain, then what is ? Scientists ______ ________ the world did a lot research for years. The cause still _______ ________ until 1982. In that year, Australian scientists found a certain _______ _______ bacteria in the stomach. This discovery ________ the traditional idea and ________ the medical community. Bacteria could even survive in an _______ stomach! The discovery ______the research on stomach diseases ____ _____ _______ ________. Soon scientists found that this particular kind of bacteria ______ ________ ________ many stomach diseases. Now the real cause has been found and stomach diseases can be treated _________ _______________.
A heavy snow can _________ __________. This means ____ ______ _______ next year. But a heavy snow will also_______ _________ to _______ big cities_______ Moscow and Beijing.
When a _________ air current _______ a heavy snow to a big city, _______ Moscow, its busy streets_______ soon ________ __________ a thick_______ __________ snow. Moscow people have to _________ snow ____________ the streets ______ cars cannot move safely. Now the question is : ________ to clear off the snow ?
Many ways can ______ ________ ______ clear off the snow. One of the commonest ways _____ ___ scatter the snow-melting agent salt on the streets. It can _______ snow ______ ______. It is _______ to clear snow than melt ice. Then the snow is ___________ and ________ on the roadsides. Now, cars can move __________ again.
But the snow-melt agent salt can also ______ _________ ________ the city environment. Here is an example. ________ the spring of 2003, over 300000 trees died in Beijing. Scientists studied the soils round these trees. They found _________ _________ about the soils . These soils contained salt 392 _______ __________ than normal soils. Where did the excessive salt come from ? The answer was the snow-melting agent salt. Beijing used it in the previous winter.
________ addition , salt can corrode the steel bars under a building. It will _________ their life.
Now, scientists have developed some safer snow-melting agents. Even so, we have to be very _________ __________ them. They still may bring disasters. The safest tools______ clear off snow are _________ and snow vehicles.
4．Declaring War on Stomach Diseases
Most people _______ ______ _______ the disease of stomach-ache. And many people have ______ _________ it personally. Medicines can reduce the pain. But patients still ______ something ______ cure the disease.
Our stomach is in an open ___________ . Foods _______ the stomach and __________ us ________ necessary energy and heat . But bacteria also get into the stomach _____ ______ _______ _______ . In the past people thought : “Don’t worry. The stomach is _____ ______ living bacteria because the acid in the stomach kills those bacteria that get into it.” This was the traditional idea about the stomach and the bacteria in it, ________ is not right.
_______ people do not eat ________, their stomachs ________ _______ . Patients _______ stomach troubles often have ________ stomachs. So they thought acidity caused the _______ in their stomachs. Again, this is not right.
If the acid stomach is not______ ________ _______ the pain, then what is ? Scientists ______ ________ the world did a lot research for years. The cause still _______ ________ until 1982. In that year, Australian scientists found a certain _______ _______ bacteria in the stomach. This discovery ________ the traditional idea and ________ the medical community. Bacteria could even survive in an _______ stomach! The discovery ______the research on stomach diseases ____ _____ _______ ________. Soon scientists found that this particular kind of bacteria ______ ________ ________ many stomach diseases. Now the real cause has been found and stomach diseases can be treated _________ _______________.
7 Flying in the Sky
Humans _______ _____ ______ ______ flying freely in the sky like birds.
At first , people tried to make ____ _____ ____ wings. Da Vinci _________ an ornithopter, ______ imitated the ________ of birds’ wings. His assistant tried to fly with the ___________ wings , but failed . A _______ engineer also designed an ornithopter 300 years later. It couldn’t carry people into the sky __________.
The bird can fly because it has _______ muscles, a _______ heart, and a _________ skeleton. However, the human muscles, heart, and skeleton _____ not ______ _______ flight. For example, an eagle’s heart _________ ______ 8% of its weight _______ a human heart, only 0.5%.
Later humans realized they could not imitate the movement of birds’ wings ______ ______. They should try other ways ______ ________ .
In 1783 two French men ________ air fire balloon, which could ______ slowly ______ the sky and then could land _______ . In September 1892, an airship _____ _____ from Paris. Its propeller _____ ________ by a steam engine . Humans ______ _______ ______ aviation.
Finally a great event _______ ______ in the human history of a aviation. ¬¬¬_____ December 17,1903, the Wright Brothers tested humans’ first plane. It took off and flew in the sky , but _____ only 12 seconds. ______ , the flight distance was only 36 meters. Anyway , the Wright brothers ________ . Their achievement marked _____ ______ _____ an era of human aviation.
8 Whale Strandings on Beaches
Whales are the largest animals in the world. They ______ ______ ______ human beings. Sometimes, they follow ships in the ocean_____ quite a long distance just ____ ______. But whales have a very strange ______ : stranding on beaches, which puzzles scientists a lot.
In December2004, twenty adult whales ______ ______ _____ on a remote Australian beach. In fact, this was the third stranding ___ ______ ______. The previous two strandings took place ___ the same _____ . Yes, in the same area. A bit strange, isn’t it ? Those two strandings _____ 115 whales. Were those three strandings ________ ? Or did an unknown force cause the three strandings ? Australian scientists couldn’t give a ________ answer.
One week before the third stranding, scientists _____ _______ a huge earthquake in the ocean . Was this_____ ______ _____ the third stranding? Scientists could not _____ it __ the earthquake ___ _____. In 2004 there were several strandings on Australian beaches. They all happened without an earthquake . But Australian scientists ______ some oil company’ activities in the ocean. It used a “sound bombing” method ____the ocean floor to ____ ____oil and natural gas. Was this the cause of the three whale strandings ? Scientists could not_____ either .
_________ ______ whale strandings, the Australian government has decided to _____ ______ national database ______ whale strandings, _____ may help Australian scientists in their research in this area.
9 Avalanche
_____ spring comes, people’s memory of the winter snow begins to fade. However, ___ ___ ____ a white terror may arrive. The accumulated snow on high mountain slopes ____most _____ ___ cause an avalanche.
There are two kinds of avalanches. The first one ___ ______ _____ powdered fresh snow. The second one is caused by hard snow. Hard snow ____ _____ _______ and _____ over several years . It is likely to occur when the weather begins to warm .
Avalanches are a common natural disaster. They are ___ _____ _____ to mountain climbers. Avalanches kill about 30 snow skiers every year in America.
In March of 2004, American scientists ____ _______ a field experiment about avalanches . They _____ _____ an avalanche-prone snow mountain . They used dynamite to ____ _____ several avalanches. Their purpose was ___ _____ _____ more about avalanches.
______ one of the experimental avalanches, 200 tons of heavy snow ______ _____ ____the mountaintop . They rolled __ __ _____ ____ 160 kilometers per hour. Scientists found that this fast-rolling mass of snow was___ ____ ____ rocks. The scene was spectacular, but ______. This man-made avalanche was already so terrifying and we can imagine natural avalanche ____ ___ ____ terrifying.
When and where will an avalanche occur ? Can Scientists predict ? No, they cannot predict __ ____ ________ .Now scientists can forecast weather conditions ____ _______, but they still can’t forecast avalanches. ______ that time, therefore, all people must be careful _____ they are near a ___________ mountain.
Humans _______ _____ ______ ______ flying freely in the sky like birds.
At first , people tried to make ____ _____ ____ wings. Da Vinci _________ an ornithopter, ______ imitated the ________ of birds’ wings. His assistant tried to fly with the ___________ wings , but failed . A _______ engineer also designed an ornithopter 300 years later. It couldn’t carry people into the sky __________.
The bird can fly because it has _______ muscles, a _______ heart, and a _________ skeleton. However, the human muscles, heart, and skeleton _____ not ______ _______ flight. For example, an eagle’s heart _________ ______ 8% of its weight _______ a human heart, only 0.5%.
Later humans realized they could not imitate the movement of birds’ wings ______ ______. They should try other ways ______ ________ .
In 1783 two French men ________ air fire balloon, which could ______ slowly ______ the sky and then could land _______ . In September 1892, an airship _____ _____ from Paris. Its propeller _____ ________ by a steam engine . Humans ______ _______ ______ aviation.
Finally a great event _______ ______ in the human history of a aviation. ¬¬¬_____ December 17,1903, the Wright Brothers tested humans’ first plane. It took off and flew in the sky , but _____ only 12 seconds. ______ , the flight distance was only 36 meters. Anyway , the Wright brothers ________ . Their achievement marked _____ ______ _____ an era of human aviation.
8 Whale Strandings on Beaches
Whales are the largest animals in the world. They ______ ______ ______ human beings. Sometimes, they follow ships in the ocean_____ quite a long distance just ____ ______. But whales have a very strange ______ : stranding on beaches, which puzzles scientists a lot.
In December2004, twenty adult whales ______ ______ _____ on a remote Australian beach. In fact, this was the third stranding ___ ______ ______. The previous two strandings took place ___ the same _____ . Yes, in the same area. A bit strange, isn’t it ? Those two strandings _____ 115 whales. Were those three strandings ________ ? Or did an unknown force cause the three strandings ? Australian scientists couldn’t give a ________ answer.
One week before the third stranding, scientists _____ _______ a huge earthquake in the ocean . Was this_____ ______ _____ the third stranding? Scientists could not _____ it __ the earthquake ___ _____. In 2004 there were several strandings on Australian beaches. They all happened without an earthquake . But Australian scientists ______ some oil company’ activities in the ocean. It used a “sound bombing” method ____the ocean floor to ____ ____oil and natural gas. Was this the cause of the three whale strandings ? Scientists could not_____ either .
_________ ______ whale strandings, the Australian government has decided to _____ ______ national database ______ whale strandings, _____ may help Australian scientists in their research in this area.
9 Avalanche
_____ spring comes, people’s memory of the winter snow begins to fade. However, ___ ___ ____ a white terror may arrive. The accumulated snow on high mountain slopes ____most _____ ___ cause an avalanche.
There are two kinds of avalanches. The first one ___ ______ _____ powdered fresh snow. The second one is caused by hard snow. Hard snow ____ _____ _______ and _____ over several years . It is likely to occur when the weather begins to warm .
Avalanches are a common natural disaster. They are ___ _____ _____ to mountain climbers. Avalanches kill about 30 snow skiers every year in America.
In March of 2004, American scientists ____ _______ a field experiment about avalanches . They _____ _____ an avalanche-prone snow mountain . They used dynamite to ____ _____ several avalanches. Their purpose was ___ _____ _____ more about avalanches.
______ one of the experimental avalanches, 200 tons of heavy snow ______ _____ ____the mountaintop . They rolled __ __ _____ ____ 160 kilometers per hour. Scientists found that this fast-rolling mass of snow was___ ____ ____ rocks. The scene was spectacular, but ______. This man-made avalanche was already so terrifying and we can imagine natural avalanche ____ ___ ____ terrifying.
When and where will an avalanche occur ? Can Scientists predict ? No, they cannot predict __ ____ ________ .Now scientists can forecast weather conditions ____ _______, but they still can’t forecast avalanches. ______ that time, therefore, all people must be careful _____ they are near a ___________ mountain.
10 Cats
The ______ of cats ____ ____ ____ in the forest. They were quick ___its movements and ____ ____ ____ _________ objects in the dark . Though their claws ______usually ______, their predatory nature could ______ ___ ______ . Five thousand years ago, cats came into the human world _____ _____ _______ , and then became ______ _____ man’s favorite pets.
_______ _________ research, scientists have found that the ancestor of cats was the same as _____ _____ dogs . Somehow, their common ancestor left the forest to live on the grasslands. One of the tribes ________ _____ an animal _____ ______ the ________ cats of today.
Cats came_______ ______ dogs to ____ _________ . Different from other pets, cats _____ ____ live with humans . In the ancient Egypt of 3000 years ago, barns were ______ haven. Some wild cats entered the barns to catch and eat rats ____ _______ . Man domesticated them. Gradually they _____ _____ _____ the human world and became favorite domestic animals.
It is strange that although cats have lived with humans for thousands of years, there are not many cat breeds. ______ not many breeds, there is one breed that ______ ______ , that is, the Canadian hairless cat. It has many wrinkles on its face.
Though _____ _____ family life, cats are still ____ ____ ___ their ancestors. Each cat is a bloody predator ____ ______ . Cats have excellent eyesight. They have the largest eyes in mammals____ _______ _____ the size of their bodies. Its big eyes help a cat to ____ ____ its prey more easily.
The ______ of cats ____ ____ ____ in the forest. They were quick ___its movements and ____ ____ ____ _________ objects in the dark . Though their claws ______usually ______, their predatory nature could ______ ___ ______ . Five thousand years ago, cats came into the human world _____ _____ _______ , and then became ______ _____ man’s favorite pets.
_______ _________ research, scientists have found that the ancestor of cats was the same as _____ _____ dogs . Somehow, their common ancestor left the forest to live on the grasslands. One of the tribes ________ _____ an animal _____ ______ the ________ cats of today.
Cats came_______ ______ dogs to ____ _________ . Different from other pets, cats _____ ____ live with humans . In the ancient Egypt of 3000 years ago, barns were ______ haven. Some wild cats entered the barns to catch and eat rats ____ _______ . Man domesticated them. Gradually they _____ _____ _____ the human world and became favorite domestic animals.
It is strange that although cats have lived with humans for thousands of years, there are not many cat breeds. ______ not many breeds, there is one breed that ______ ______ , that is, the Canadian hairless cat. It has many wrinkles on its face.
Though _____ _____ family life, cats are still ____ ____ ___ their ancestors. Each cat is a bloody predator ____ ______ . Cats have excellent eyesight. They have the largest eyes in mammals____ _______ _____ the size of their bodies. Its big eyes help a cat to ____ ____ its prey more easily.
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