unit1

二、重点短语：
1. at the moment (1)此刻，目前：at this moment/right now
(2)那时，当时：at that moment/at that time
I am busy at the moment, but I’ll do it later.
I was busy writing an article at the moment.
常用短语： at any moment 在任何时候 for the moment 目前，暂时
in a moment 一会，立刻 for a moment 片刻，一会儿
the moment/minute 一……就…… (as soon as)
2. make sure 确定，确信，证实
make sure of/ about sth. 确保某事
make sure (that)… 确保……（从句常用一般现在时表示将来的情况）
make sure that/ wh-… 弄清楚……
例：Can you make sure of / about success? 你能确保成功吗？
When you leave the classroom, make sure that all the lights are switched off.
She looked around to make sure that she was alone. 她往四下里看看，是不是只有她一个人。
I think I locked the door, but I’ll just go back and make sure.
3. so…that…与such…that…
① so...that常用于下列句式：
so + adj./adv. + that从句
so + adj. + a/an + 单数可数名词 + that……
The girl is so kind that we all like her. =She is so kind a girl that we all like her.
② such ... that ... 其中，
such + a/an ( +adj.) + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
＝＞so + adj.+ a/an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
She is so kind a girl that we all like her.=She is such a kind girl that we all like her.
such + adj. + 可数名词复数+ that 从句
such + adj. + 不可数名词+ that 从句
It is such bad weather that we won*t go out for a picnic.
注意：当名词前有many, much ,few, little 表示多少时，一律用so
There was so much work to do that everybody got bored. 有这么多的事要做以至于人人都感到烦了。
【拓展延伸】
so/such构成的结果状语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)so/such. . . that中的that是从属连词，引导结果状语从句；而so/such/the same. . . as中的as是关系代词，引导定语从句。
(2)结果状语从句中的that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用；而定语从句中的as既起引导作用，又在从句中充当一定成分。
This book is written in such easy English that I can read it.
这本书是用如此简单的英语写的，以至于我能看懂它。（结果状语从句）
This book is written in such easy English as I can read.
这本书是用如此简单的我能读懂的英语写的。（定语从句）
4. “the same. . . as”表达的意思是“像……一样”，是指两件事物的比较；
而“the same. . . that”则指的是同一件事物。
例：This is the same bicycle as I lost yesterday. 这辆自行车和我昨天丢的那辆很像。
This is the same bicycle that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的那辆自行车。

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unit4

状语从句：
原因状语从句
比较：because, since, as和for
1）　because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
　 I didn*t go, because I was afraid.
　 Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2）　由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
　 He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
　 He must be ill, for he is absent today.
目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如：
　　 You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
　　 He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
　　 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
比较：so和 such
　其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
　so foolishsuch a fool
　so nice a flowersuch a nice flower
so many / few flowers　 such nice flowers
　so much / little money. such rapid progress
　so many peoplesuch a lot of people
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
　 The boy is so young that he can*t go to school.
　 He is such a young boy that he can*t go to school
条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.
　　if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
unless = if--- not.
Let*s go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tied, let*s go out for a walk.
典型例题: You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless　 B. until　 C. ifD. or
　答案A。 句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.
让步状语从句
though, although
　注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用
　Although it*s raining, they are still working in the field.
　虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
　He is very old, but he still works very hard.　虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
　Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。
典型例题
1） ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. WhenB. However　 C. Although　 D. Unless
答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。
2)as, though 引导的倒装句
　 as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。
　　Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
　= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意： a.　句首名词不能带任何冠词。
　　　　b.　句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
　　 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
　 = Though he tries hard, he never seems…
　虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
3)ever if, even though.　即使
　　We*ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or-　 不管……都
　　 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5)"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
　　 Whatever happened, he would not mind.
　 替换：no matter what = whatever
　　　　 no matter who = whoever
　　　　 no matter when = whenever
　　　　 no matter where = wherever
　　　　 no matter which = whichever
　　　　 no matter how = however
　 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
　（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
　（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
　　　 你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
　（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they*re given,
　（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they*re given.　囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
比较while, when
When所引导的从句谓语动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的；while所引导的从句谓语动词通常是延续性的，且与进行时连用。另外，while还可表示对比，意为“然而”主从句的两个延续性动词同时发生，时态一致。
When the earthquake broke out, all the students were having lessons.
Father was preparing a report while I was playing games.