10月31日，2014
美国原油出口、转口继续增长，一些出口到了欧洲和亚洲
2014年6月，美国原油出口401000bbl/d，这是57年来的最高，同时这也是1920年来月出口第二高（EIA开始发布相关数据的时间）。最近无论是原油出口的产地，还是目的地，都值得关注。因为目前美国原油出口限制，美国大部分出口原油来自国内，且只出口到加拿大。然而4月以来，出口原油和少量产自加拿大、经美国的转口原油到了瑞士、西班牙、意大利和新加坡。
美国的石油出口公司必须取得美国商务部工业和安全局的许可证。在出口许可制度下，一些交易是允许的。美国原油出口按照个案审理方式进行，对于其他出口的规则被描述为根据国家利益需要是否批准。
最近到瑞士、西班牙、新加坡和意大利的船只都是小型、被允许的加拿大原油转口船只，这并不包括美国产原油。像美国出现的这种情况，加拿大原油产量增长的部分出现在基础设施有限的地方,这些地方的原油送往炼油厂进行加工。由于有限的管道和铁路运输，一些加拿大生产商将原油送往美国墨西哥湾，然后转口进入到其他市场，以此来观察经济上是否可行。
还不确定来自加拿大的原油、借墨西哥湾转口的这种趋势是否会继续；如果是，会多久。加拿大一些拟建的管道项目或许能给生产商提供通向北美以外市场的替代路径，但这些管道项目建设时间并不确定。
撰稿人：汉纳·布瑞尔(Hannah Breul)
October 31, 2014
Crude exports and re-exports continue to rise; some volumessent to Europe and Asia
The United States exported 401,000 barrels per day (bbl/d) of crude oil inJuly 2014, the highest level of exports in 57 years and thesecond highest monthly export volume since 1920, when EIA*s published datastarts. Recent crude oil exports are also noteworthy for both their origins anddestinations. As a result of existing U.S. crude oil export restrictions, mostU.S. crude exports are sourced domestically and are sent only to Canada.However, since April, crude exports have included modest amounts ofCanadian-produced barrels that were moved through the United States and thenre-exported to Switzerland, Spain, Italy, and Singapore.
To export crude oil from the United States, a company must obtain a licensefrom the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) of the U.S. Department ofCommerce. Under export licensing requirements, there are certain transactions that will generally be approved.Licenses for other exports of U.S.-origin crude are considered on acase-by-case basis. For such other exports, the regulations describe thecharacteristics of transactions that will generally be approved as in thenational interest.
The recent shipments to Switzerland, Spain, Singapore, and Italy were smallvolumes of permitted re-exports of Canadian crude oil that were not commingledwith U.S.-produced barrels. As is the case in the United States, some of thegrowth in Canada*s crude oil production is taking place in areas with limitedinfrastructure to bring the crude to refineries for processing. With limitedpipeline and rail takeaway capacity, some Canadian producers are testing theeconomic viability of moving crude oil to the Gulf Coast for re-export to othermarkets.
It is unclear if this recent trend of Canadian re-exports from the GulfCoast will continue, and if so, for how long. Several proposed Canadianpipeline projects may provide producers with alternative routes for deliveringcrude to markets beyond North America, but the timing of each of them isuncertain.
Principal contributor: Hannah Breul
