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Sodium laureth sulfate, orsodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), is an anionic detergent and surfactantfound in many personal care products (soaps, shampoos, toothpaste etc.). SLESis an inexpensive and very effective foaming agent.[1] SLES, SLS, ALS and sodiumpareth sulfate are surfactants that are used in many cosmetic products fortheir cleansing and emulsifying properties. They behave similarly to soap.
SLS,或者SLES，是一种在洗护用品中常见的阴离子的清洁剂和表面活化剂（肥皂，香波，牙膏等等。）。SLES是廉价和高效的发泡剂。【1】SLES,SLS,ALS和烷醇聚醚硫酸钠都是在很多美容产品中被用于清洁和乳化目的的表活。它们的功能很像肥皂。
Chemicalstructure
Its chemicalformula is CH3(CH2)10CH2(OCH2CH2)nOSO3Na. Sometimes the number represented by nis specified in the name, for example laureth-2 sulfate. The product isheterogeneous in the number of ethoxyl groups, where n is the mean. It iscommon for commercial products for n= 3. SLES is prepared by ethoxylation ofdodecyl alcohol. The resulting ethoxylate is converted to a half ester ofsulfuric acid, which is neutralized by conversion to the sodium salt.[1] Therelated surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (also known as sodium dodecyl sulfateor SDS) is produced similarly, but without the ethoxylation step. SLS and ammoniumlauryl sulfate (ALS) are commonly used alternatives to SLES in consumerproducts.[1]
化学结构
它的化学表达式为CH3(CH2)10CH2(OCH2CH2)nOSO3N。N所指代的数字有时会在名字中被指明。比如月桂基聚醚硫酸盐。这个成分会因为乙氧基团的数量不同而表现出异构性，N在这里就代表着乙氧基团的数量。商业产品中经常使用的是N=3的SLES。SLES利用月桂醇的乙氧基化来制备，产生的乙氧基化产物将转化成半硫酸酯，而在它转化为钠盐时便会被中和。【1】另一个与此有联系的表活SLS（同时为大家所熟知的还有十二烷基硫酸钠和SDS）被制备的过程也非常相像，唯一没有乙氧基化的阶段。SLS和ALS在消费产品中经常被用作SLES的替代品。【1】
Toxicology
Irritation
SLES is anirritant like many other detergents, with the irritation increasing withconcentration.[2] It has also been shown that SLES causes eye or skinirritation in experiments done on animals and humans.[2] The related surfactantSLS is a known irritant,[3][4] and research suggests that SLES can also causeirritation after extended exposure in some people.[5][6]
毒性
刺激性
SLES如同许多其他清洁剂一样是刺激物，而且浓度越高刺激性就会增加。【2】在动物和人类的实验中同时表明了SLES有刺激眼部和皮肤的风险。【2】而相关联的表活SLS是个众所周知的刺激物。【3】【4】实验还表明了有些人长期使用SLES的洗护产品也有可能刺激皮肤。
Other
Toxicologyresearch by the U.S. OSHA and IARC supports the conclusions of the Cosmetic,Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) and the American Cancer Society thatSLES is not a carcinogen.[citation needed] The Australian government'sDepartment of Health and Ageing and its National Industrial ChemicalsNotification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) have determined SLS does not reactwith DNA.[7]
其他
由US.OSHA和IARC主持的毒性实验支持了CTFA和美国癌症协会做出的关于SLES不是致癌物的结论。澳大利亚卫生和老年人部门和NICNAS都断定SLES对基因不会产生影响。
1,4-Dioxanecontamination
Some productscontaining SLES have been found to also contain traces (up to 279 ppm) of1,4-dioxane. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends that these levelsbe monitored.[8] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency classifies1,4-dioxane to be a probable human carcinogen (not observed in epidemiologicalstudies of workers using the compound, but resulting in more cancer cases incontrolled animal studies), and a known irritant with ano-observed-adverse-effects level of 400 milligrams per cubic meter atconcentrations significantly higher than those found in commercial products.[9]Under Proposition 65, 1,4-dioxane is classified in the U.S. state of Californiato cause cancer.[10][11] The FDA encourages manufacturers to remove1,4-dioxane, though it is not required by federal law.[12]
二恶烷污染
一些含SLES的产品被发现有微量的（最高到279ppm）二恶烷。美国食品药品监督局认为二恶烷的浓度需要被监控。【8】美国环境保护署将二恶烷分类为可能导致致癌的成分（在对不同的使用这种化合物的实验者进行的流行病学研究并没有观察到致癌的异常，但是在受制的动物实验中产生了更多的致癌案例。）在浓缩物中的400毫克每立方米的浓度尚未观察到副作用,而这远远比在消费产品中检测到的多得多。【9】根据《加州65提案》，二恶烷在加州被分类为可致癌物。【10】【11】FDA建议厂商们清除二恶烷，虽然这并未被联邦法律要求。

引用文献：
【1】Kurt Kosswig,"Surfactants" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 2005, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a25_747
【2】 "Final report on the safety assessment of sodium laureth sulfate and ammonium laureth sulfate". Journal of the American College of Toxicology 2 (5): 1–34. 1983. doi:10.3109/10915818309140713.
【3】Jump up^ Agner T (1991). "Susceptibility of atopic dermatitis patients to irritant dermatitis caused by sodium lauryl sulphate". Acta Dermato-venereologica 71 (4): 296–300. PMID 1681644.
【4】 Nassif A, Chan SC, Storrs FJ, Hanifin JM (November 1994). "Abnormal skin irritancy in atopic dermatitis and in atopy without dermatitis". Archives of Dermatology 130 (11): 1402–7. doi:10.1001/archderm.130.11.1402. PMID 7979441.
【5】Magnusson B, Gilje O (1973). "Allergic contact dermatitis from a dish-washing liquid containing lauryl ether sulphate". Acta Dermato-venereologica 53 (2): 136–40. PMID 4120956.
【6】 Van Haute N, Dooms-Goossens A (March 1983). "Shampoo dermatitis due to cocobetaine and sodium lauryl ether sulphate". Contact Dermatitis 9 (2): 169.doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04348.x. PMID 6851541.
【7】 NICNAS SLES animal test
【8】 Black RE, Hurley FJ, Havery DC (2001). "Occurrence of 1,4-dioxane in cosmetic raw materials and finished cosmetic products". Journal of AOAC International84 (3): 666–70. PMID 11417628.
【9】 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide). Hazard Summary. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Created in April 1992; Revised in January 2000. Fact Sheet
【10】"1,4-Dioxane cancer 123-91-1 January 1988" (PDF). Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.
【11】 "California Files Prop 65 Lawsuit Against Whole Foods, Avalon". Bloomberg.
【12】FDA/CFSAN--Cosmetics Handbook Part 3: Cosmetic Product-Related Regulatory Requirements and Health Hazard Issues. Prohibited Ingredients and other Hazardous Substances: 9. Dioxane

源地址：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_laureth_sulfate

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