Amsterdam Stock Exchange Building 1897-1903
1. The municipality of Amsterdam commissioned the building in 1896 with a list of functions that it had to fulfill. But it went beyond that, the committee wanted a palace of commerce and finance, and Berlage turned this building into a testimony of a newly discovered urban community.
2. Located at the core of mercantile activity in Amsterdam. In spite of its size, the elevation is quite modest in scale, to fit into the env and stay in proportion with the nearby tower.
3. Berlage believed that space is defined by walls, and architecture is the art of space enclosure. 3 main halls are arranged along the longitudinal axis of the building. Communication between the 3 exchange buildings is ensured by a central passageway, by the virtue of which a visitor would have a sense of the spatial structure.
4. Structurally, it's a hybrid of traditional masonry and iron truss construction. The long walls of the stock exchange are grooved by 3 orders of arches. On the lower floor, there are 6 wide openings which later were inserted with pilasters; in the side galleries and double tiers, the arches are reduced in span, and six oculi are pierced at the top of each wall. The wide skylight, made of two transparent layers of glass, are set into both slopes of the roof and supported by five parabolic iron trusses. the rest of the brackets are progressively tapered until they meet the flush capital of the pilasters. The pilasters are in polished granite, and the floor are made of wood imported from Java, which embodies the strong merchandise industry Netherlands had.
The design for the facade had gone through multiple modifications from richly-ornamented traditional design to simplistic and geometrical minimal one. When finally built, the main entrance is marked by a range of 3 big arches. And a panel of sculpture above.
5. Take tradition seriously. villa giulia - arch
6. He was greatly influenced by impressionist painting, and by impressionism. Semper – in assembling constructional elements, one should not attempt to eliminate the necessity of seam. On the contrary, make it into a virtue, a decorative motif. Violet-le-Duc – every form not determined by function should be rejected. He intends to general simplification of masses and less attention to details. Because of economic reasons and his socialist vision, he believed that it is possible to design a good building that meets all requirements without art. For him the great impressionist concept in architecture is the collaboration of all the arts, and the most capable architect should make sure that their work shows great simplicity.
Eigen Haardt 1909,
The industrialization early 20th century Holland resulted a slum landscape of factories, tenements, and grimy streets without decent communal or private amenities. The influx of industry required a vast provision of decent housing conceived on the scale of neighborhoods. De Klerk was trying to accommodate an awkward site, where absolute standardization would be difficult to attain without sacrificing square footage.
The workers complex was located in the spaarndammerburt, a triangular area northwest of the center between the railroad and the harbor which municipality was shaping into a workers district. After 1910 Amsterdam began to purchase land there on the large scale for the purpose of leasing it to housing societies. The housing society eigen haardt was persuaded by Kepler to take over relinquish project of housing blocks which were designed by de klerk. HOUSING ACT
Individual house swallowed by the units.
Windows are smaller than the traditional merchant house because it doesn't have deeply underground timber tiles to support them, also show worker's collectivity.
With its bizarre brick patterns, its humped roof profiles and its texture tower, recalls the example of Wright in its horizontal dynamism, its layering of space and its use of materials.
Amsterdam school
1. The municipality of Amsterdam commissioned the building in 1896 with a list of functions that it had to fulfill. But it went beyond that, the committee wanted a palace of commerce and finance, and Berlage turned this building into a testimony of a newly discovered urban community.
2. Located at the core of mercantile activity in Amsterdam. In spite of its size, the elevation is quite modest in scale, to fit into the env and stay in proportion with the nearby tower.
3. Berlage believed that space is defined by walls, and architecture is the art of space enclosure. 3 main halls are arranged along the longitudinal axis of the building. Communication between the 3 exchange buildings is ensured by a central passageway, by the virtue of which a visitor would have a sense of the spatial structure.
4. Structurally, it's a hybrid of traditional masonry and iron truss construction. The long walls of the stock exchange are grooved by 3 orders of arches. On the lower floor, there are 6 wide openings which later were inserted with pilasters; in the side galleries and double tiers, the arches are reduced in span, and six oculi are pierced at the top of each wall. The wide skylight, made of two transparent layers of glass, are set into both slopes of the roof and supported by five parabolic iron trusses. the rest of the brackets are progressively tapered until they meet the flush capital of the pilasters. The pilasters are in polished granite, and the floor are made of wood imported from Java, which embodies the strong merchandise industry Netherlands had.
The design for the facade had gone through multiple modifications from richly-ornamented traditional design to simplistic and geometrical minimal one. When finally built, the main entrance is marked by a range of 3 big arches. And a panel of sculpture above.
5. Take tradition seriously. villa giulia - arch
6. He was greatly influenced by impressionist painting, and by impressionism. Semper – in assembling constructional elements, one should not attempt to eliminate the necessity of seam. On the contrary, make it into a virtue, a decorative motif. Violet-le-Duc – every form not determined by function should be rejected. He intends to general simplification of masses and less attention to details. Because of economic reasons and his socialist vision, he believed that it is possible to design a good building that meets all requirements without art. For him the great impressionist concept in architecture is the collaboration of all the arts, and the most capable architect should make sure that their work shows great simplicity.
Eigen Haardt 1909,
The industrialization early 20th century Holland resulted a slum landscape of factories, tenements, and grimy streets without decent communal or private amenities. The influx of industry required a vast provision of decent housing conceived on the scale of neighborhoods. De Klerk was trying to accommodate an awkward site, where absolute standardization would be difficult to attain without sacrificing square footage.
The workers complex was located in the spaarndammerburt, a triangular area northwest of the center between the railroad and the harbor which municipality was shaping into a workers district. After 1910 Amsterdam began to purchase land there on the large scale for the purpose of leasing it to housing societies. The housing society eigen haardt was persuaded by Kepler to take over relinquish project of housing blocks which were designed by de klerk. HOUSING ACT
Individual house swallowed by the units.
Windows are smaller than the traditional merchant house because it doesn't have deeply underground timber tiles to support them, also show worker's collectivity.
With its bizarre brick patterns, its humped roof profiles and its texture tower, recalls the example of Wright in its horizontal dynamism, its layering of space and its use of materials.
Amsterdam school
