主谓一致的原则一:语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致, 即通常情况下, 谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定, 主语为单数形式时谓语动词用单数形式, 主语为复数形式时谓语动词也用复数形式。例如: He is reading an English book. 他在看一本英语书。
掌握主谓一致考点中的语法一致原则,要注意两个特殊问题:
(1)主语前、 后加修饰语时的主谓一致问题。主语的修饰语对主语和谓语之间的关系一般不起影响, 尤其在主语后接as well as, with, along with, together with, except, but, including, besides, in addition to, added to, like, rather than, more than, no less than等插入语时, 谓语仍须与主语本身保持一致。例如: Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. (2)以“and”或“both... and... ”连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题。当主语是由“and”或“both... and...”连接的并列结构时, 如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物, 谓语动词用复数形式; 如果该并列主语指的是“同一个”人或事物(常以and后的名词前没有冠词为标志), 谓语动词需用单数形式。例如: What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。// The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。// A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。// Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。
注意:对于由and连接的并列主语,前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时,谓语动词通常仍要用单数形式。例如: Each boy and each girl was congratulated.每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。// Every hour and every minute is important.每时每刻都是重要的。// Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting.许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。// No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.在月球上没发现人和动物。// No teacher and no student is admitted.师生一律不得入内。
语法一致原则是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致, 即通常情况下, 谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定, 主语为单数形式时谓语动词用单数形式, 主语为复数形式时谓语动词也用复数形式。例如: He is reading an English book. 他在看一本英语书。
掌握主谓一致考点中的语法一致原则,要注意两个特殊问题:
(1)主语前、 后加修饰语时的主谓一致问题。主语的修饰语对主语和谓语之间的关系一般不起影响, 尤其在主语后接as well as, with, along with, together with, except, but, including, besides, in addition to, added to, like, rather than, more than, no less than等插入语时, 谓语仍须与主语本身保持一致。例如: Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. (2)以“and”或“both... and... ”连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题。当主语是由“and”或“both... and...”连接的并列结构时, 如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物, 谓语动词用复数形式; 如果该并列主语指的是“同一个”人或事物(常以and后的名词前没有冠词为标志), 谓语动词需用单数形式。例如: What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。// The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。// A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。// Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。
注意:对于由and连接的并列主语,前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时,谓语动词通常仍要用单数形式。例如: Each boy and each girl was congratulated.每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。// Every hour and every minute is important.每时每刻都是重要的。// Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting.许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。// No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.在月球上没发现人和动物。// No teacher and no student is admitted.师生一律不得入内。