2l自用

【以下是正文部分】
Let’s focus today on theforefather of all Western modern special forces: the British Commandos!
今天的主角是当今所有西方国家特种部队的祖师爷：英国突击队！

A NEW TYPE OF WARFARE
新型战争
Although OperationDynamo managed to rescue over 300.000 men trapped in the Dunkirkpocket and was regarded by many as a “miracle”,Churchill grimly commented that “Wars are not won by evacuations“.Indeed, Britain had been expelled from continental Europe, had lost all itsArmy’s heavy equipment and was now standing alone against Germany. It would bea long time before its army reorganized, got re-equipped, and be able tofight again. And in the short term, the focus was on being at least able torepel a German amphibious landing on its soil, not attacking. Hence,prospects were gloom; yet Churchill wanted to bring the fight back to the enemyand announce victories as soon as possible.
尽管发电机行动成功撤出了在敦刻尔克被困的30万联军士兵，亦因此被称为奇迹，但是丘吉尔却评价道“战争不是由撤退而赢得的”。的确，英国人已经被赶出欧洲大陆，失去了陆军所有的重武器，只能独自面对德国。在英国部队重整齐全之前，还有很长的一段时间。而短期看来，英国人的重点是要能够防御德军的两栖登陆，而非攻击。所以，找到新的进攻型办法的预期似乎很渺茫，但是丘吉尔却想尽快将战火烧回德国，并尽可能快的宣布胜利。

Britishequipment abandoned in the Dunkirk pocket
敦刻尔克沙滩上被遗弃的英国装备
Commando warfare was thebrainchild of lieutenant-colonel Dudley Clarke. Born inSouth Africa, Dudley Clarke knew his military History, especially the tacticsused by the Boer Kommandos with such effectiveness againstBritish troops at the turn of the century, and had taken part himself in therepression of the 1936 Arab Uprising in Palestine. Inspired by these irregulartroops’ tactics, he proposed to create highly trained and specializedunits able to mount raids and deep reconnaissance in enemy territory: theywere meant to be self-sustaining combat units carrying all the equipment neededto perform their mission, and not remain on the field more than 36 hours. Theidea suited Churchill’s offensive spirit and was quickly approved.
特种战争是Dudley Clarke中校的思想产物。Dudley Clarke出生于南非，他很清楚布尔人的突击队在世纪之交对抗英国部队时的效果，并亲自参与了1936年镇压巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人起义的行动。收到这些非常规部队战术的启发，他提议英国应该训练特种部队，使他们能够在敌占区内进行突袭和侦察：这些人要能够自我生存，携带多样化的设备，在地方领土滞留的时间不超过36个小时。这个想法和丘吉尔的进攻思想不谋而合，因此被很快批准。

GeneralDudley Wrangel Clarke
DudleyWrangel Clarke将军

TRY & ERRORS
试错
Volunteers were calledwithin the British Army to gather a force of 500 men, to be organized as ten50-man troops. But recruiting, equipping and training them properly would taketime, something Churchill wasn’t willing to grant. Under pressure from the PrimeMinister to launch the first raid immediately, although the first commando unitwasn’t ready, Dudley Clarke tapped into another ready source: TheTerritorial Army’s Independent Companies, guerilla-style unitsraised for the Norwegian campaign. From the ten disbanded companies, herecruited 350 men and 25 officers and formed them into a 11th IndependentCompany on June 14th, 1940, which received a hasty training inScotland before being sent on its first raid: codenamed OperationCollar (June 24th).
英国人从陆军中召集了500名志愿者，组成了10支50人的小分队。但是招募、装备和训练这些步骤都需要时间，而时间恰恰是丘吉尔不愿意给予太多的东西。在首相尽快发动第一次袭击的命令下，尽管第一支突击队还没有准备好，Dudley Clarke只得向另外一个来源求助：国土军的独立连，他们是游击战性质的部队，并为挪威战役而准备。从十个被解散的连队中，他招募了350人和25名军官，在1940年6月14日组成了第11独立连。该连在苏格兰仓促训练后便开始了第一次袭击：6月24日代号衣领行动。
This operation’s purpose was to land inPas-de-Calais, capture prisoners, and reembark. Planned in urgency, the raidwas a failure regarding its objectives since no prisoner was brought back andone landing party had to abandon its weapon to swim back to the boats. But the Britishraiders killed two German sentries and didn’t lose a man, with the only(lightly wounded) casualty being Dudley Clarke himself. British propaganda usedthe raid to bolster morale, stressing the fact that British troops have broughtthe fight back to the enemy and inflicted casualties.
此次行动的目标是在加来附近登陆，捕俘，然后撤退。因为并没有任何俘虏被带回，这次仓促的任务以失败告终，而且其中一个小分队不得不遗弃武器以游回他们的小艇。但是这些突击队员杀死了两个德国哨兵，没有损失人员，唯一受伤的人是Dudley Clarke自己。很快英国宣传机器便开始通过这次袭击鼓舞士气，重点强调英国部队开始在敌占区战斗。
Three weeks later,another raid was launched against occupied Guernsey, with no better results,both operations being plagued with improvisation and lack of planning. Yet theexperience proved valuable, and steps were taken to remedy those issues. Amajor one was the creation of the commandos’ own headquarter (CombinedOperation) and the appointment of a new commander, Admiral RogerKeyes, a close friend of Churchill. Under his direction, recruitment wasintensified, even though the selection criterions were raised and only the bestelements were retained.
3周后，另一次袭击在Guernsey发动，同样以失败告终。两次行动的失败原因都是计划不周。但是这些行动积累了宝贵的经验，为日后的改进埋下伏笔。其中一项改进是建立了突击队自己的指挥部（联合行动指挥部），并指派海军上将Roger Keyes作为新的指挥官，他也是丘吉尔的密友。在前者的指挥下，招募加强了不少，不过选拔标准也增强了。

AdmiralKeyes & Churchill

A dedicated commandoschool was set in Achnacarry, Scotland, where an extremely harshtraining regimen made sure to skim the number of volunteers, only retainingthose in perfect physical and mental conditions. Commando courses focused onphysical fitness, but also taught the volunteers close combattechniques, use of explosives, mechanics, map reading, and more. Over thecourse of the war, not only British but also foreign volunteers from manyoccupied countries, such as Norway, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, etc.,could be instructed at Achnacarry. Even American volunteers from 34thInfantry Division, later to form the 1st Ranger Battalion, weretaught commando tactics there. Thus, was created a common origin to most modernWestern commando units.
一个特种兵学校在苏格兰Achnacarry建立，同时一支教官部队被用作削减志愿者的人数，只得留下那些身体上和脑力上都十分杰出的人员。特种作战课程集中在体力、近距离作战技巧、炸药和爆破、机械、读图等。在战争年代，不仅英国人在这里学习，还有很多其他国家的志愿者，包括挪威、法国、比利时、荷兰等。甚至还有来自美国34步兵师和第1游骑兵营的志愿者。因此，该地成为了特种作战的鼻祖。

Commando courses
特种训练科目

D-DAY
D日
1st SSB‘s mission for Operation Overlord wasto land in the second wave on Sword Beach, just behind 3rdInfantry Division, neutralize several gun batteries overlooking the beach,then proceed inland without delay toward Bénouville to relieve the 6thAirborne Divison‘s advance party holding the bridges over the Orne. OnD-Day, Lord Lovat brought his kilted piper Bill Millin withhim and ordered him to play while they landed, despite British army regulationsforbidding to do so because, he stated, being Scots and not Englishmen heconsidered such regulations didn’t apply to them.
第1特勤旅在霸王行动中的任务是随第二波部队在剑滩登陆，紧随第3步兵师，并摧毁数个炮兵阵地，再向内陆推进，支援扼守Orne河渡桥的第六伞兵师部队。D日那天，Lovat勋爵带着他的风笛并命令士兵在登陆时吹奏，不过英国陆军的规定是不能这么做的，但他认为自己是苏格兰人所以该规定对自己并不适用。

PiperBill Millin (back, in the foreground) & Lord Lovat (in the water, walkingon the side of the column) landing on Sword Beach.
风笛手和前方队列右侧的Lovat勋爵
Shortly before hittingthe beach, Lovat had ordered the assault barges carrying the British commandosto slow down to let the French ones be the first to set foot on their nationalsoil. Once ashore, the British commandos attacked their objectives only to findthe batteries’ positions empty. The French commandos, on the other hand,encountered heavy resistance to secure the well defended remaining oneunder the (former) Riva Bella casino at Ouistreham.
在登陆前，他命令由法国人先登录，这样他们能够登上自己国家的领土。一登录，英国突击队员便开始发动攻击，但是那些炮兵阵地早已空无一人。而法国突击队则遇到了强烈的抵抗，他们不得不肃清Ouistreham附近前Riva Bella赌场里的抵抗者们。
Once their objectives secured and the brigaderegrouped, Lovat and his men moved as quickly as possible toward Bénouville,which they reached two minutes and a half after 1 PM, and after schedule. Adelay for which Lovat apologized to the paratroopers. While the latter remainedat the bridge to protect it, the commandos got across to push the Germans asfar away as possible from it. While running across the bridge, twelve British& French commandos were shot dead while Bill Millin, walking and playingthe pipes, went unscathed. German prisoners allegedly claimed to him afterwardthat they spared him because they thought he had to be insane to be playingthat instrument so casually while everybody was falling around him.
任务完成后，两支部队汇合并向Bénouville开进。他们迟到了两分半钟，为此Lovat勋爵还向伞兵部队道歉。当伞兵一直保卫着桥梁时，突击队员们试图将德国人驱赶的越远越好。12名队员在过桥时被击毙，但风笛手却好好的。德国俘虏后来说，他们没有向这个风笛手射击，因为他们觉得只有疯子才会在周围不断有人倒下的情况下吹奏风笛。

Commandoslinking with paratroopers at Bénouveill (June 6th)
6月6日，突击队和伞兵汇合
右二这哥们贼像变形金刚里那个西蒙斯探员

AFTER NORMANDY
诺曼底之后
Back in the UK, thedivision trained and amalgamated replacements, but was rushed back on thecontinent to hold the line in the face of the German counter-offensive in theArdennes. Later, in March 1945, it took part in Operation Plunder,the crossing of the Rhine.
回到英国后，该旅开始训练，加入了一些补充部队，然后就赶回去救德军在阿登森林反击的场。1945年3月，该旅参加了Plunder行动，跨越了莱茵河。
Crossing several lesserrivers, the commandos ended the war near Lübeck.Army commando were disbanded on October 25th, 1945, with thesole Royal Marines retaining the commando role.
该旅在吕贝克见证了战争结束，陆军突击队也于1945年10月25日解散。而皇家海军陆战队则接过了突击的职责。

THE 1ST SPECIAL SERVICE BRIGADE INGAME
游戏里的第1特勤旅
While SteelDivision: Normandy 44 usually models, well, divisions; 1st SSB isactually (as its name implies) represents a smaller brigade. Whichmeans three things:
钢铁之师一般着眼师级部队，而第1特勤旅实际上只有旅级编制，所以：
· Some of its unitchoices ingame are attachments from other units, such as Funnies & RoyalEngineers from 79th Armoured Division, intelligence teamsfrom 30 Assault Unit, … which had operated with it at least onD-Day.
· 游戏里第1特勤旅的部队实际上是其他附属部队，例如来自第79装甲师的皇家工兵，来自第30突击单位的情报单位等等
· It gets fewer activationpoints than any other division ingame, to reflect its smaller sizeand higher degree of specialization.
· 该旅只有较少的激活点数，以显示该旅的小编制和特种用途
· The brigade hits hard,then has to hold the ground with teeth and nails against superior enemiesbefore being reinforced and able to advance again, hence it has an unusualeconomy in the shape of a ‘V’, with less income in B than A & C.
· 该旅必须犀利的突击，然后尽一切可能守住阵地，等待援军，因此该旅的经济是V型走势
1st Special ServiceBrigade relies on a largeinfantry pool, comprised for the most part of elite Commando units,divided into several types. Just like the US Rangers (whichwere actually inspired by the British commandos), the core commando unitsare divided into 4-man Cmdo Leaders and 6-man CmdoAssault (full SMG with TNT) & Cmdo Support (rifleswith double Vickers K-gun LMG). Another 6-man squad, called Cmdo 6,represent those veterans from No. 6 Commando which had beenlent American Garand rifles in Algeria and “declined” to give them backafterward: with five Garand and a sniper rifle, they are perfect hunters. Thoseare the specialized squads available in Phase A, with the French CmdoFus-Marins providing the more mainstream 11-man squad with mixed Sten,Rifles & Bren. All of them elite and with the ‘Airborne’ trait,making them immune to encirclement.
第1特勤旅拥有丰富的步兵选择，其中大部分都是精英单位。和美国人的游骑兵类似，突击队的核心单位分成4人班组的指挥班组、6人班组的突击班组（全员装备冲锋枪和TNT炸药）以及6人班组的支援班组（装备步枪和两挺维克斯K轻机枪）。另外一类六人班组的部队被称为6号突击队，他们代表了那些装备美军加兰德步枪并拒绝归还的第6突击队的老兵们，他们配备有五支加兰德步枪和一支狙击枪，适合猎杀行动。这些就是A阶段该旅能够调遣的部队，还有一些法国的11人班组，装备有斯登、步兵和布伦轻机枪。所有部队都是精英部队，具有空降兵特性，因此对包围免疫。
To back them up in phaseA, the commandos can count on the Royal Marines‘ Centaur IV,a different version of the Cromwell VI, as well as FleetAir Arm‘s light fighter-bomber Wildcat V. Another FAA additionis the Seafire L.III, a recon Spitfire doublingwith a fighter, although low on ammunition to give way to cameras. Thebrigade’s recon element is provided by the very secretive 30 AssaultUnit (the brainchild of no less than Ian Flemming, of JamesBond fame!), Royal Navy intelligence branch’soperatives who landed in the wake of the commandos to secure key intelligencedocuments or even personal.
为了支援A阶段的突击队们，来自皇家陆战队的郡主IV型坦克能够派上用场，以及野猫V型战斗轰炸机。海火3型也从舰队空军提供支援，不过其主业是侦察，因此弹药配备较少。该旅的侦察部队来自秘密的30突击单位——皇家海军特别为夺取关键情报和人员建立的部队。

Originating from a smallraiding forces, 1st SSB clearly lacks in the support arms. Itssole AT option in early game being Cmdo Tank Buster infantryteams armed with double PIAT. Artillery and AA are also restricted to lightguns. The TANK tab, although restricted to only 3 slots, is yet quiteversatile, allowing to configure the brigade’s few armor support in severalways, from an all-out but quite limited Phase A Sherman DDoffensive, to more numerousbut late-coming Sherman V or command Churchill support.
因为编制原因，第1特勤旅缺少支援单位。游戏前期的反装甲单位只有反坦克小队的两具PIAT。炮兵和防空火力仅限于轻型武力。而坦克上，该旅能够提供一些多面手，包括谢尔曼DD和后期的谢尔曼V以及指挥型丘吉尔。

In Phase B, the brigadecan count on Cmdo Vickers and the gun-blazing CmdoRoyal Marines, configured as the French Commandos but with the welcomeaddition of a PIAT, as well as some armored recon. But that’s pretty much allfor the ground forces, which must be prepared to go through hell in that Phase!
The best improvementscome in the air and off-map, with the arrival of FAA veteran& elite Seafire III fighters to clear the sky, as well asmore Wildcat V and some more heavily loaded Hellcat I.Off-map support is provided by massive barrage of 960 (!) 127mm rocketsprovided by LCT(R) barges.
B阶段该旅依靠维克斯突击队和皇家陆战突击队，和其他一些装甲侦察部队。但是这就是所有地面部队了，而且该旅即将面临巨大的考验！海火3型战斗机会捍卫天空，野猫V型和地狱猫I则会带来对地支援。同时还会有960枚127毫米火箭弹的弹幕支援。

In Phase C, themuch-needed reinforcements finally arrive: cheap and numerous 79th ArmouredDivision‘s Assault Pioneers, Hobart’s Crocodile & AVRE supporttanks, anti-tank guns & (Canadian) Wolverines, 25-pdr guns & ChurchillOP.
C阶段，援军终于抵达：来自第79装甲师便宜足量的突击工兵，还有鳄鱼和AVRE坦克，反坦克炮，以及加拿大部队的狼獾坦克歼击车，25磅炮和丘吉尔观察车。

原文链接：https://www.eugensystems.com/divisions-1st-special-service-brigade/
【以上全文结束】

好贴顶，楼主辛苦啦

楼主辛苦啦

不错的