FIRST BLOOD, the free anniversary update for SteelDivision: Normandy 44, will beavailable tomorrow (wooohooooo!) and will feature 2 new FREEdivisions and unlock 2 ace models: Pierre Clostermann & Willy Kretzschmar.
Let’s focus today on oneof the US Army‘s oldest division and without a doubt the mostexperienced one in the ETO, 1st Infantry Division “BigRed One“.
今天的主角是美军在二战欧洲战场上历史最悠久的大红一师。

ORIGINS
起源
The 1st InfantryDivision was created in 1917 as part of the AmericanExpeditionary Forces (AEF) sent in Europe to fight in WW1.Aside from American volunteers already integrated within the French Army(such as the Lafayette Escadrille, Lafayette FlyingCorps, American Ambulance…), it was the first American unit toland in France, in June 1917. On October 21st, it was also the first Americanunit to see combat and suffer casualties. But for their first six months at thefront, the untested Americans were mostly kept in reserve, training orfighting under French or British supervision. On May 28th, 1918, BRO wasagain the first American unit to be engaged independently and to bring theUSA its first victory, at the battle of Cantigny. From then on, it took part inevery action fought by the AEF, including the battle ofSaint-Mihiel and the Argonne offensive, suffering about 20,000 casualtiesbefore the end of the war.
大红一师在1917年建立，在一战中作为美国远征军加入欧洲战场。在已经志愿加入法国军队的美国志愿者之外（比如拉法叶飞行队、美国救护队等），这是美国第一支在1917年6月登陆法国的部队。10月21日，他们也是投入战斗并遭受伤亡的第一支美国部队。但是在前线的六个月中，未受考验的美国部队一直留在预备队中，在英国人和法国人的帮助下训练和战斗。1918年5月28日，大红一师第一次独立作战，并且给美国在Cantigny战斗中带来了第一次胜利。从那时起，大红一师参加了美国远征军的每一次战斗，包括阿尔贡森林攻势，并在终战前遭受了两万人的伤亡。
After the Armistice ofNovember 18th, 1918, the “Big Red One” (BRO), as it was now knownfor its distinctive tactical insignia, entered Germany and took occupationalduties near Coblenz.
1918年11月18日停战后，因其部队标志得名的大红一师进入德国，开始在Coblenz行驶占领责任。

进驻Coblenz的大红一师骑兵部队

The last division toreturn to the USA in September 1919, BRO didn’t suffer thefate of most other AEFunits: although brought to a peacetimeTO&E, it was one of only four divisions to remain active throughout theInterwar.
作为1919年9月最后一支撤回美国的部队，大红一师没有遭遇和其他美国远征军一样被解散的命运，而是作为战后四支常备部队中的一支被保留下来。
In early 1940, with warraging in Europe, it was reorganized, reinforced with organic support units andthe first Army division to undergo amphibious training.
1940年初，当战争席卷欧洲，大红一师开始重组并开始加入属于第一军的支援部队，进行两栖登陆的训练。

BACK TO EUROPE
重返欧洲
Shortly afterthe USA entered WW2 on December 1941, command of the division was given toMajor-Gen. Terry de la Mesa Allen. His leadership style, informal,lax on military appearance but uncompromising regarding aggressiveness andcombat performance, commanding from the front and sleeping on the ground likeany private, soon got him the respect and even affection of his men. And forbetter or worse, shaped the division’s personality for most of the war.
1941年12月美国参战后，大红一师的指挥权被交给了Terry de la Mesa Allen少将。他的别具一格的指挥方式很快赢得了下属的喜爱：不正式，不注重军容，但是在部队侵略性和战斗表现上高标准严要求，亲临一线指挥，像其他大兵一样睡在地上。不管是好是坏，他的领导塑造了大红一师在整个战争中的个性。

As the Army‘sbest-prepared division, BRO was once again the first combatformation of its size to be sent to the European ETO, arriving in Britain inAugust 1942. Garrisoned near Glasgow (Scotland), it intensified itsamphibious training. While the men thought they were to immediately proceedwith the liberation of mainland Europe, they were to have a completelydifferent destination…
作为美国陆军跃跃欲试的部队，大红一师又一次被派往欧洲战区，并在1942年8月抵达英国。在苏格兰格拉斯哥附近驻防后，他们又加强了两栖训练。当他们认为很快又将前往欧洲大陆后，事实却出人意料。

NORTH AFRICA
北非
On October 26th, 1942,the division was loaded on boats and the convoy headed out to see, sailingtoward North Africa. It was to take part in Operation Torch, theBritish-American landing in French Morocco & Algeria. As the main elementof Center Task Force, BRO was reinforced witharmors & Rangers and divided into two combat groups to take the cityof Oran (Algeria’s second major city) into a pincer: Force Z, underAllen’s direct command, was to land East of the city, and Force Y underBrigadier-General Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (son of US PresidentTheodore Roosevelt and cousin of then serving President Franklin D. Roosevelt)was to land West of it.
1942年10月26日，大红一师整装待发，向北非开赴。他们参加了火炬行动，和英国人一起登陆了法属摩洛哥和阿尔及利亚。作为中央特遣队的核心部队，大红一师得到了装甲部队和游骑兵的增援，并被分成了两个战斗群，为夺取阿尔及利亚第二大城市Oran发动钳形攻势。Z部队受Allen的直接指挥，其任务是在城市东部登陆；Y部队受小罗斯福准将指挥，他们将在西部登陆。

火炬行动
The landing took place on November 8th justbefore 1 AM and in a matter of minutes the beaches were secured, the Frenchcoastal defenses being taken completely by surprise: most of the troops wereasleep or, for those in position to resist, without clear order about what todo against American invaders. Very few local commanders took upon themselves toorder to open fire, unlike what happened in Morocco where Vichy commanders hadbeen aware of the impending landings and had given clear orders to resist.
11月8日，登陆行动开始。数分钟后滩头阵地便得到巩固，因为法国人的海岸防御完全没有准备：大部分部队还在睡觉，而在防御位置的部队却缺乏明确的命令，不知道如何应对美国人。很少有法国军官命令下属开火，不像在摩洛哥有很多维希法国的军官得知美军登陆的消息后，很快下令部下抵抗。
With French Morocco& Algeria secured and the Vichy Armée d’Afrique sidingwith the Allies, BRO left Oran and moved West, toward Tunisia.There, Rommel’s once invincible DAK was soon to be corneredbetween the British, American & French troops attacking from the West, andthe British & Commonwealth ones advancing from the East in the wake oftheir victory at El Alamein.
法属摩洛哥和阿尔及利亚被占领后，维希法国的非洲军也投靠盟军一方，大红一师开始向西朝着突尼斯挺进。在那里，隆美尔曾经不可一世的德国非洲军团很快会遭到来自西方英美法盟军和东方英国和英联邦盟军的合力攻击。

BATTLES OF KASSERINE PASS & EL GUETTAR
凯赛林山口之战
Having receivedreinforcements in Tunisia, Rommel planned to attack the Americans first,whom he considered inexperienced, in order to rout them and thus have enoughtime to turn against his most dangerous foe: Montgomery’s battle-hardened EighthArmy. Therefore, he laid a trap for the American vanguard, composed ofthe 1st Armored Division supported by infantry combat groupsfrom BRO & 34th Infantry Division. In theissuing series of engagements fought between February 19th &24th, 1943, and known collectively as the “battle of Kasserine Pass“,the overconfident & overextended Americans were graced with a full display ofGerman Panzer skill: while having a slight advantage in numbers, theformer suffered about five times the losses in tanks & men they inflictedon the latter, and had to beat a hasty retreat. Although he would have liked topursue and finish them off, Rommel was confident he had accomplished hisobjective: teaching the Americans a lesson he was sure would take them long torecover, long enough for him to deal with his British arch-enemy.
得到突尼斯的援军后，隆美尔打算抢先攻击美军，因为他认为美军还十分缺乏作战经验，先对付美军能够争取到对付狡猾的蒙哥马利第八军的时间。因此，隆美尔给由大红一师和第34步兵师支援的第1装甲师前锋设下了一个埋伏。1943年2月19日至24日，一连串的交火后，凯赛林山口战役打响。过于自信和分散的美军遭遇了作战技巧高超的德国装甲部队：在数量上美军稍稍占优，但是美军损失的坦克和人员却是德军的五倍之多。因此，美军不得不仓皇撤退。尽管隆美尔很愿意追击撤退的美军，但是他自信的认为不追击也足以给美国人一个教训了，这个教训将给他赢得足够的时间，在美国人下次进攻前对付英国部队。
But as Winston Churchillonce put it: “You can always count on Americans to do the right thing –after they’ve tried everything else“. And at Kasserine, the Americansalmost tried everything that could have gone (and went) wrong at once: badleadership, bad communications, bad combined arms cooperation, overconfidence,overextended supply lines, … The disaster at Kasserine was the healthyelectroshock the US Army needed to “do the right thing”: to shake old habits,devise new tactics and training procedures, put a stronger emphasis oncommander’s initiative and replace WW1-minded officers with younger and moreenergic ones. As such, General Fredendall, commanding the US II.Corps during the battle was sent back home and replaced with GeorgePatton with Omar Bradley as his deputy. Not onlydid it take a much shorter time for the Americans to recover from thelesson they had been inflicted by Rommel than the latter had expected, but theywere soon to prove that they had actually been very studious pupils.
就像英国前首相温斯顿·丘吉尔所说：“你大可以指望美国人做出正确的事——在他们做了其他所有事情之后”。在凯赛林山口，美国人尝试了所有的错误办法：糟糕的领导、通讯、步坦协同，过于自信，过于分散的补给线等等。凯赛林山口的灾难恰恰成为了美国陆军逐渐成长的垫脚石：甩掉原来糟糕的习惯，开发新的战术和训练，强调指挥官的能动性，撤换还处在一战思维的军官，换上年轻的、更有活力的军官。为此，指挥美国第二军的Fredendall将军被送回了老家，接替他的是乔治·巴顿和奥马尔·布拉德雷。美军不仅比隆美尔预想的恢复时间快得多，他们还证明了自己是多么的勤奋好学。
One month afterKasserine, the reorganized II. Corps under Patton &Bradley was on the offensive again, advancing toward Bizerte. Von Arnim, whichhad replaced Rommel, opted for the same strategy: a violent assaultagainst the inexperienced Americans to put them out of combat quickly, thendeal with the “real” British threat. On March 23rd, about 50 tanks andsupporting infantry from 10. Panzerdivision emerged from ElGuettar valley and assaulted BRO. The first American lines werepushed back far enough for Allen’s HQ to be threatened by two German tanks, butwhen advised to evacuate, the general replied: “I will like hell pullout, and I’ll shoot the first bastard who does“. BRO lineswavered … yet did not break. The Germans soon ran into a minefield, while USreinforcements were brought into action, especially M10 Wolverineswhich engaged the German tanks. Three hours after initiating the battle,the Germans retreated, abandoning more than half their tanks behind them. Theylaunched another attack later in the day but were met with the same determinedresistance. BRO had won the day.
凯赛林之战一个月后，重组的美国第二军在巴顿和布莱德雷的指挥下重新发动了向Bizerte的进攻。接替隆美尔指挥的Von Arnim采用了和他前任相同的战术：迅猛的攻击没有经验的美军部队，然后趁美军退却之时对付真正的威胁英军。3月23日，德军第10装甲师麾下的50辆 坦 克和步兵从El Guettar山谷发动了向大红一师的攻击。美军战线迅速收缩，连Allen的指挥部前都遭遇了两辆德军 坦 克。当他被建议撤离时，Allen回答道“我不会撤退，我会向撤退的家伙开枪”。大红一师的战线风雨飘摇，但始终没有崩溃。德国人很快进入了雷区，装备了M10 坦 克 歼击车的美军增援部队也很快赶到。发动攻击3个小时后，德军撤退，抛弃了超过半数的坦克。德军在当天稍晚发动了另一次攻击，不过也被挫败了。大红一师获得了当天的胜利。

The campaign lagged onfor a more month before the last remaining Axis forces in Tunisia surrenderedon May 9th, 1943. By then, BRO had established a reputation asa reliable and efficient fighting force in combat. Its off-combat record wasn’tas prestigious though, the whole division having, according to Bradley, “assumedAllen’s cavalier attitude” and “left a trail of looted wine shops andoutraged mayors (…) in towns from Tunisia all the way toArzew“. One particular incident saw elements from the division “liberatingOran a second time”, this time from the US Army‘s own Servicesof Supply which was by then well-established in the city and hadthought wiser to close all their clubs and shops to the brawling andcelebrating combat troops.
战斗一直持续到突尼斯的轴心国部队最终在1943年5月9日投降。在那时，大红一师已经成为一支可靠和有效的战斗部队。不过战场之外的大红一师名声可不太好，根据布拉德雷的说法，“Allen的骑兵作风让大红一师在突尼斯的一路上留下了无数被劫掠过的酒庄和发怒的镇长”。特别值得一提的是部分大红一师的部队再次解放了Oran，这一次是从美军自己的后勤部队手中。因为这些后勤部队关闭了所有的士兵俱乐部和商店。

NORMANDY
诺曼底
After the Sicilycampaign, BRO was pulled out of the line and sent to GreatBritain in November 1943, having been selected as one of the assault divisionsfor the planned Normandy landing. It was both a testimony to theirunequaled experience in amphibious operations and an injustice to put onceagain the same unit in the line of fire. As exemplified by the British 7thArmoured & 51stInfantry Division during the Normandy campaign, asking too much evenof an elite formation could lead to battle-weariness, and Bradley was wellaware. Yet, as he commented: “Much as I dislike subjecting the 1st to stillanother landing, I felt that as a commander I had no other choice. (…) Myjob was to get ashore, establish a lodgment, and destroy the Germans. In theaccomplishment of that mission, there was little room for the niceties ofjustice“.
西西里战役后，大红一师撤出前线，在1943年11月开赴英国。大红一师被选中作为诺曼底登陆的进攻师团，这既是对该师的两栖作战经验的肯定，也是对才出狼窝、又入虎口再次将部队投入战火的不公。对像英军第7装甲师和第51步兵师这种精锐再次投入诺曼底作战会出现的疲惫，布莱德雷很清楚，不过他还是评论道：“尽管我本人十分不愿意再次将大红一师投入一次登陆作战，但我确实没有什么选择……我的任务是建立滩头阵地，摧毁德国人。为了达成任务，平摊任务的正义之举恐怕轮不到大红一师了。”
Yet, despite BRO‘sexperience and combat record, Huebner sent his veterans back to training camps,drilling them drop-dead, something they regarded as an insult totheir skills and combat history… and didn’t help to improve the new commander’spopularity. The moral of the division reached an all-time low, yet Huebnerpersisted. And that might have been what saved the division from the fate ofthe aforementioned British Praetorians which were “law unto themselves”and “only obey those orders that suited them”: BRO wasdrilled back to humility by its new commander. Finally, moral and confidencewere restored and, although Huebner never enjoyed the popularity of hispredecessor (and veterans never hid the fact), he ended up being known as “TheCoach“.
不过Huebner还是将他的老兵们送回了训练营，以期打磨他们，不过这被士兵们认为是对他们战斗技巧和经验的挑衅，造成了反效果。大红一师的士气达到了最低点，不过Huebner还是坚持我行我素。这也许拯救了大红一师，让他们不必重蹈之前那些英军精锐的覆辙，因为后者已经趾高气扬、有选择性的听从命令。Huebner的坚持打消了大红一师的自满情绪，重塑了士气和信心。尽管他从未达到前任在人气上的高度（老兵们也不隐瞒这一点），他还是被称为“教练”。
It is worth noting thatthe two other American assault divisions earmarked for D-Day, 4th & 29thInfantry Division, although inexperienced, were both led ashore bytheir respective division’s deputy commanders … both former BRO seniorofficers and trained under “Terrible Terry” Allen: TheodoreRoosevelt Jr. for the 4th ID at Utah Beach, NormanCota for the 29th ID at Omaha Beach. Theywere the only two generals to land with their assault troops on D-Day andboth have been since recognized as a major factor in the success of theirrespective division’s mission.
D日美军两支部队的进攻值得大书特书一笔。尽管第4和第29步兵师一样缺乏经验，他们都在副师长的领导下登陆了。两位副师长都曾经是大红一师的高级军官，在Allen的麾下接受训练：在犹他滩头带领第4步兵师的是小罗斯福，而在奥马哈滩头带领第29步兵师的则是诺曼·科塔。他们是唯二随部队在D日登陆的将军，也被认为是盟军成功登陆决定性的因素之一。
On June 6th, elementsfrom the green 29th ID were put under command of the moreexperienced BRO, and together they received the mission of securinga beachhead at Omaha Beach. Landing in the wake of air and navalbombardments and right behind amphibious tanks, the assault troops wereexpected to mostly mop up the shell-shocked second-rate troops defending the area.As we know today, it didn’t happen that way with both preliminary strikesfailing to hit their targets or inflict any sensible casualties, and thewell-trained 352.Infanterie-Division having replaced the 716.Infanterie-Division in many defensivepositions facing the 1st & 29th ID assaultwaves. To make matter worse, all but two of the DD Shermanssupporting BRO had been launched too far and sunk in theChannel, and many units were put ashore in the wrong place.
6月6日，第29步兵师的部分单位划归大红一师指挥，他们的任务是肃清奥马哈滩头的阵地。空袭和海军轰炸后，突击部队在两栖坦克的掩护下登陆，开始肃清二流的防御部队。当然我们现在都知道了，现实和之前想象的有所不同。因训练有素的第352步兵师接替了第716步兵师在许多地点的防务，第1和第29步兵师未能给德军守军造成多大的损失。更糟糕的是，两栖坦克沉了不少，很多部队也被送到了错误的登陆地点。

It was a literalslaughter, most of the men being shot at the door or within their landingcraft. The first wave was wiped out, taking up to 50% casualties and unable toadvance across the beach. In the most well-defended sectors, especially the onedesignated for the attached (and green) 116th Regiment from 29thID, companies from the first waves lost all their officers and were down toabout 25% of their initial strength in under 15mn.
登陆艇舱门打开的那一刻简直就是单方面的屠杀。第一批登陆部队被完全击溃，他们遭受了50%的伤亡，无法在海滩推进。在一些重点防守的区域，特别是第29步兵师第116团负责进攻的区域，美军第一波连队在15分钟内就损失了所有军官和75%的战斗力。
The second and thirdwaves coming behind them were equally pinned down. Casualties & chaos wererising while new reinforcement and vehicles were delivered on a beach fullof dead, wounded and mixed up men from the Rangers, 1st & 29thID hiding behind the shingle. With many officers dead or out ofcombat, it came down to junior officers, NCO or individual soldiers to take thelead and find a way out. Despite losses, small groups of men managed toreorganize under fire, infiltrate the German positions and advance inland. Yet,by mid-morning, the landing at Omaha started being regarded asa failure.
而后的第二波和第三波登陆部队也同样的压制。伤亡和混乱不断上升，援军和坦克在滩头登陆，来自游骑兵、第1和第29步兵师的人员混在一起，躲在反登陆工事的后面。因为许多军官阵亡，低级军官、士官和士兵自己不得不承担起带头的职责。尽管伤亡惨重，还是不断有小分队重组，渗透过了德军防线，向内陆推进。不过早上9时，奥马哈登陆开始被认为失败了。

On BRO sector,or what was supposed to be, 16th Infantry Regiment‘s CO ColonelGeorge Taylor started reorganizing combat groups regardless of theiroriginal units, putting any surviving officer or NCO in charge and sending themin the small gaps already created. To motivate his men to leave the protectionof the shingle, Taylor famously claimed that “Two kinds of people arestaying on this beach, the dead and those who are going to die – now let’s getthe hell out of here!” (a quote wrongly attributed to Norman Cotta in TheLongest Day). Soon, the gaps evolved into a breakthrough, and theassault troops poured inland.
大红一师的负责区里，第16步兵团的指挥官乔治·泰勒上校开始重组战斗部队，将生还的士官分配到不同的地区中。为了鼓舞士兵的士气，泰勒上校说出了著名的话：“只有两种人会呆在这沙滩上，那些已经死掉的和将要死掉的。现在让我们赶紧离开这里吧！”很快，德军防御的空隙变成了突破口，美军部队开始不断向内陆涌入。
BRO assault units suffered about 30%casualties, with those companies from the first wave paying the worst of theButcher’s Bill. Yet the division was given no rest and had to expand thebeachhead as fast as possible. From June 6th to 12th, the division performed a23km advance inland, bringing it in front of the strategic crossroad atCaumont-l’Eventé. The next day, the weary American troops stormed and capturedthe city … but missed an opportunity to cut the German front in Normandyin two: faced with a mere token force (two recon companies!) from 2.Panzer, they didn’t push forward after securing their objective,allowing the rest of this elite German division to arrive and take position infront of them.
大红一师的突击部队遭受了三成的伤亡，但是他们没有得到任何喘息的机会便投入扩大滩头的任务中去。6月6日至12日，该师突进内陆23公里，接近战略要地Caumont-l’Eventé。第二天，疲惫的美军部队占领了城市，但是错过了将德军防线一切为二的机会。面对着来自第2装甲师的两个侦察连，美军在完成任务后没有继续推进，这使得后续赶来的德军精锐能够从容占领阵地，投入防御。
What kept BRO frompushing forward, aside from losses and combat weariness, was also that itsadvance had placed it in an exposed salient with both the British on itsleft and the US 2nd Infantry Division on its right being heldback by stiff German resistance. Caumont was to be the link between US& British-Canadian sectors for the next two months and BRO & 2.Panzer were to become intimate foes.
大红一师没有继续深入的原因中，除了损失和战斗疲惫外，还有左翼英军和右翼美军第2步兵师的停滞不前，因为他们遇到了激烈的德军抵抗。Caumont即将成为链接美英加军的要冲，而大红一师即将和德军第2装甲师成为棋逢对手。

1st Infantry Division was pulled out from Caumont in mid-July,given barely a week’s rest to refit and used as part of the breakthroughforce in Operation Cobra. Attacking on July 26th, BRO & 2ndArmored Division captured Le Mesnil-Herman the next day and Marignythe day after. Securing the offensive’s left flank, BRO heldMarigny against several counter-attacks from 2. SS-Panzer & 353.Infanterie Division.
第1步兵师在7月中撤离前线，休息了一周后，投入到眼镜蛇行动的突破中。7月26日，大红一师和美军第2装甲师携手相继攻克了Le Mesnil-Herman和Marigny，并守住了来自德军党卫军第2装甲师和第353步兵师的联手反击。

AFTER NORMANDY
诺曼底之后
Although sparedsome of the hardest fighting for the rest of the Normandy campaign, BRO wasnonetheless part of the pursuing force following the retreating Germantroops from Falaise to Northern France, and then to the Siegfried Line which itreached on September 16th, 1944. By October 1st, 70% of the men from 1stInfantry Division were replacements! After a mere two weeks training,they took part in the attack against Aachen, the first German city to becaptured by the Allies and one of the fiercest urban battle ever fought bythe US Army.
尽管大红一师没有参加诺曼底战役中最残酷的一些战斗，大红一师仍然作为追击部队参加了法莱斯口袋的行动，稍后又在1944年9月16日参加了攻击齐格菲防线的行动。截止10月1日，70%的大红一师部队士兵已经是补充兵！仅仅两周训练后，他们投入了对亚琛的攻击，亚琛也成为了第一个被盟军占领的德国城市。
Immediately after thecapture of Aachen, BRO was thrown into the Hurtgen Forrest’smeatgrinder. Finally pulled out and placed in reserve to refit in earlyDecember … it was only to be committed again in a hurry at the end of themonth, to stall the German offensive in the Ardennes.
随后，大红一师投入了胡廷根森林的绞肉战。12月初，该师撤出前线。很快，12月末，该师投入了阻止德军阿登反击战的行动。
After the Battle of theBulge, BRO advanced in Germany, then entered Czechoslovakiawhere it liberated the labor camp at Falkenau. It was still in this country onMay 8th, 1945, when it learned about the German capitulation.
Among the first troopsto be sent to Europe, the Fighting First had been throughthree major amphibious assaults, fought in deserts, mountains, beaches& cities and collected an unequaled tally of sixteen Medal of Honor overthe course of the war.
突出部战役后，大红一师开赴德国本土，后来进入捷克，解放了福克瑙的集中营。1945年5月8日欧洲战场终战时，大红一师仍在捷克。
作为第一批进入欧洲的部队，大红一师参加了三次主要的两栖登陆，在沙漠、山脉、海滩和城市中都留下了战斗的足迹，在战争中有16位获得荣誉勋章的成员。

THE BRO INGAME
游戏里的大红一师
A very infantry-centricdivision, BRO ranks among the very best ones the Alliesfielded in Normandy.
Here are some ofthe 1st Infantry Division‘s features:
大红一师擅长步兵作战，是盟军在诺曼底最精锐的部队之一。
· RECON: this is BRO‘smain weak spot: as an assault division unleashed on a well-defended beach,there was no need for scouts to pinpoint the enemy! BRO has,therefore, no scout in phase A, but for some USAAF’s A-20C heavyrecon planes. Recon (ground) troops are available from phase B.
· 侦察：这是大红一师的主要弱点，作为突击师，大红一师没有配备侦察部队的需要！因此该师在A阶段没有侦察兵，只有美国陆军航空兵的一些A20C重型侦察机。从B阶段开始，该师才有一些地面侦察部队。
· INF: BRO‘sfinest! There isn’t a pack in its infantry tab without a star, and half ofthem have two. Besides, phase A troops are specially formed elite assaultgroups divided according to their role: Assault Leader, AssaultTeam, Assault MG & Assault Breachers withmore strength than their regular counterparts (they were given extra-men inanticipation of losses) and extra assault equipment (TNT, smoke, flamethrowers,bazookas, …).
· 步兵：基本上所有步兵都是老兵部队（带星），半数是精锐（两星）。根据突击需要，部队各司其职：突击指挥官、突击小组、机枪突击组和突破组都比一般步兵拥有更强战力（更多人）和额外装备（炸药、烟雾弹、喷火器、反坦克火箭筒等）
· TANK: most of BRO‘samphibious tank support for D-Day ended up at the bottom of the Channel, hencetank support is pretty light in A, non-existent in B and finally arrive in C.
· 坦克：两栖坦克都沉进英吉利海峡了，所以A阶段该师没有太多装甲部队，B阶段也没有，直到C阶段才姗姗来迟。
· SUPP: as an assaultdivision, BRO was given a battalion of M7 Priest, including DDones to be used as assault guns. Unlike other infantry division, it was alsogiven a few half-tracks to be used as “light armor” or prime movers on thebeach.
· 支援：作为突击师，大红一师拥有一个营的M7牧师自行火炮，包括能作为突击炮使用的DD款。该师还拥有一些作为轻型装甲使用的半履带车辆。
· AT: for most of theNormandy campaign, BRO received only towed AT battalions asattachment, hence 76mm AT guns but no Wolverines. But BRO‘sorganic anti-tank guns (bazookas & AT 57mm) are also veteran or elite.
· 反坦克武备：诺曼底战役期间，大红一师只有拖曳式反坦克炮营，因此他们有76毫米反坦克炮，但没有狼獾反坦克歼击车。不过该师的反坦克火箭筒和57毫米反坦克炮都是老兵或精锐班组。
· AA: fearing Luftwaffe‘sinterference during the landing, BRO brought Bofors guns onthe beach in the first hours, with a few M15 & M16 to support and …tow them in the sand.
· 防空火力：惧怕德国空军在登陆期间的干扰，大红一师装备了博福斯防空炮和一些M15 M16半履带车。
· ART: as an assault division, BRO receivedfull support from the Navy. It can, therefore, count on off-maprocket artillery from phase A, as well as M7 Priest & naval artillery inlater phases.
· 炮兵：该师拥有海军炮火的全力支援，还包括M7牧师自行火炮。
· Economy: BRO‘seconomy is strong in A, doesn’t change in B and rise again somewhat in C.
· 经济：大红一师A阶段经济强大，B阶段保持，C阶段继续提高

兹词一下翻译大佬

英军有精锐单位在北非、意大利和诺曼底连续战斗400天后彻底丧失作战意志的情况，到终战再也无法参加任何战斗任务..相比之下美军的轮休要科学一些..