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1楼2019-02-20 20:52回复
    1. Quote Why Literature Matters [effect]
    Central claim: the decline of reading in America will have a negative effect on society.
    5. The decline in reading has consequences that go beyond literature. The significance of reading has become a persistent theme in the business world. The February issue of Wired magazine, for example, sketches a new set of mental skills and habits proper to the 21st century, aptitudes decidedly literary in character: not “linear, logical, analytical talents,” author Daniel Pink states, but “the ability to create artistic and emotional beauty, to detect patterns and opportunities, to craft a satisfying narrative.” When asked what kind of talents they like to see in management positions, business leaders consistently set imagination, creativity, and higher-order thinking at the top.
    6. Ironically, the value of reading and the intellectual faculties that it inculcates appear most clearly as active and engaged literacy declines. There is now a growing awareness of the consequences of non-reading to the workplace. In 2001 the National Association of Manufacturers polled its members on skill deficiencies among employees. Among hourly workers, poor reading skills ranked second, and 38 percent of employers complained that local schools inadequately taught reading comprehension.
    In paragraph 5, Gioia utilizes a synergistic reference to two separate sources of information that serves to provide stronger support for the benefits of reading. To show that “The significance of reading has become a persistent theme in the business world,” he cites a quotation from author Daniel Pinks who states that the traits required for success in the 21st Century are not, “linear, logical, analytic talents,” but “the ability to create artistic and emotional beauty, to detect patterns and opportunities,” and “to craft a satisfying narrative.” He then immediately follows with a statement that business leaders like to see, “imagination, creativity, and higher order thinking” as qualities for individuals in management positions. By doing so, Gioia is able to build extrinsic ethos with the agreement of expert testimony. This dual utilization of claims from two separate sources conveys to Gioia’s audience the sense that the skills built through immersion in the arts are vital to succeeding in the modern workplace. [Ethos]This appeals to audience’s logic since they are all concerned about their own or their children’s professional prospect, thus leading them to the conclusion that a loss of reading may foreshadow troubling results. [Logos: effects]
    The Digital Parents Trap [effect* 2]
    Central claim: There are benefits to early exposure to technology.
    P 4-6 . . . concession
    7 But it’s not that simple. While there are dangers inherent in access to Facebook, new research suggests that social-networking sites also offer unprecedented learning opportunities. “Online, kids can engage with specialized communities of interest,” says Mimi Ito, an anthropologist at the University of California at Irvine who’s studying how technology affects young adults. “They’re no longer limited by what’s offered in school.”
    What's more, to further make her case, Dockterman employs citations from authorities to highlight the benefits of early exposure to technology. To show that social-networking sites provide children with "unprecedented learning opportunities," in paragraph 7, she quotes an anthropologist who states “online, kids can engage with specialized communities of interest.” By citing evidence from an authoritative figure, the author brings ethos to the text. Parents, who no doubt want their children to gain wider perspectives, will thus deem social- networking sites helpful and thus side with the author.
    11 The most convincing argument for early-age tech fluency, however, is more basic: staying competitive. “If you look at applying for college or a job, that’s on the computer,” says Shawn Jackson, principal of Spencer Tech, a public school in one of Chicago’s lower-income neighborhoods. Ditto the essential skills for jobs in fast-growing sectors such as programming, engineering and biotechnology. “If we’re not exposing our students to this stuff early,” Jackson continues, “they’re going to be left behind.”


    2楼2019-02-20 20:53
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      好强!学习加油呀!


      IP属地:天津来自Android客户端3楼2020-10-27 20:56
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