Words named after people
08月 09日 更新
Many common words in English are derived from people's names. These are called eponyms and are generally used in noun form. They have entered the language because they have become so closely associated with a particular object or attribute, that the name now represents the object or attribute itself.
The English language is now rich in eponyms, having absorbed many during the 19th and 20th centuries as methods of communication developed through industry and technology. It became popular to coin eponyms in newspapers as more and more people had access to newspapers and magazines. An obvious example is the word hoover, which many people still use today when they are referring to any brand of vacuum cleaner (as a noun) or the act of vacuum cleaning a carpet (as a verb).
Here are some more examples:
Batty: This word is used to describe anyone who is harmlessly crazy. Fitzherbert Batty was a prominent English barrister during the early 1800's. Always an eccentric, he was certified as insane in 1839, which was widely reported in the London press.
Shrapnel refers to the metal fragments blown out by an exploding shell. The first explosive shell consisted of a round container filled with gunpowder and musket balls. An Englishman, Lieutenant General Henry Shrapnel, invented the device around 1802.
Fallopian tubes conduct eggs from the ovaries to the uterus were named after Gabriello Fallopio, the 16th century Italian professor of anatomy at Pisa.
Bloody Mary, the vodka and tomato juice cocktail, got its name from the nickname of Mary I of England (1553-58), notorious for persecution of Protestants.
Bloomers are loose trousers gathered at the knee and are named after Amelia Bloomer, an American social reformer who pioneered this type of clothing.
Bowdlerize is written text deleted for being indelicate; after Thomas Bowdler, English editor of an abridged Shakespearean drama in 1825.
Boycott means to avoid trade or dealings with a person or organization as a protest. It comes from Charles C. Boycott, an English land agent in Ireland, who was ostracized in 1880 for refusing to reduce rents.
Braille is a system of reading and writing for the blind named after Louis Braille, the French teacher of the blind who invented it in 1853.
Chauvinist means excessively patriotic (not, as is often supposed, someone who believes males are superior to females) and comes from Nicolas Chauvin, a nationalist soldier devoted to Napoleon in the early 19th-century.
Diesel is a type of internal combustion engine or the fuel that drives it, named after Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913), who built the first diesel engine.
Guillotine is a machine used for beheading and is named after Joseph Guillotin, a French physician who proposed its use in 1789 as more humane than hanging.
Leotard is a close-fitting garment for the torso, worn by dancers, acrobats and the like; after Julius Leotard, a 19th-century French aerial gymnast.
Sandwich is two or more slices of bread with a filling in between is named after John Montagu, 4th earl of Sandwich (1718-92), who supposedly ate food in this form so that he would not have to leave the gaming table.
Silhouette is an outline image first coined from Etienne de Silhouette (1709-67), a close-fisted French finance minister.
There are many more examples of eponyms in English and their existence demonstrates how the language continues to grow and develop because of the influence of the people who use it.