名词变复数:大多数名词在末尾加-s,如book-books;以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词在末尾加-es,如box-boxes,church-churches,brush-brushes。动词变过去式:大多数动词在末尾加-ed,如walk-walked;以e结尾的动词在末尾加-d,如love-loved;以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,将y变为i,再加-ed,如study-studied。形容词比较级和最高级:单音节和少数双音节形容词在词尾加-er和-est,如big-bigger-biggest;以y结尾的双音节形容词,将y变为i再加-er和-est,如happy-happier-happiest;多音节形容词在前面加more和most,如beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful。副词比较级和最高级:大多数副词在词尾加-er和-est,如fast-faster-fastest;以y结尾的副词,将y变为i再加-er和-est,如happily-happier-happiest;部分副词使用more和most,如carefully-more carefully-most carefully。动词的第三人称单数形式:大多数动词在词尾加-s,如he walks;以s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词在词尾加-es,如he passes,he fixes,he watches;以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,将y变为i,再加-es,如he tries。