参考资料
[1] Brancalion, L., Haase, B., & Wade, C. M. (2022). Canine coat pigmentation genetics: a review. Animal Genetics, 53(1), 3-34.
[2] Wolf Coat Color Genetics. (n.d.).
http://Www.sheilaschmutz.net. Retrieved July 31, 2023, from
https://www.sheilaschmutz.net/Canid/WolfColorGenetics.html[3] Smith, D. W., Stahler, D. R., & MacNulty, D. R. (Eds.). (2020). Yellowstone wolves: science and discovery in the world's first national park. University of Chicago Press. The K Locus: Rise of the Black Wolf
[4] Gipson, P. S., Bangs, E. E., Bailey, T. N., Boyd, D. K., Cluff, H. D., Smith, D. W., & Jiminez, M. D. (2002). Color patterns among wolves in western North America. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 821-830.
[5] Norris, P. W. 1881. Annual report of the superintendent of the Yellowstone National Park to the Secretary of the Interior for the year 1880. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office
[6] Murie, A. (1944). The wolves of mount McKinley (No. 5). US Government Printing Office.
[7] Kerns, J. A., Cargill, E. J., Clark, L. A., Candille, S. I., Berryere, T. G., Olivier, M., ... & Barsh, G. S. (2007). Linkage and segregation analysis of black and brindle coat color in domestic dogs. Genetics, 176(3), 1679-1689.
[8] Candille, S. I., Kaelin, C. B., Cattanach, B. M., Yu, B., Thompson, D. A., Nix, M. A., ... & Barsh, G. S. (2007). A β-defensin mutation causes black coat color in domestic dogs. Science, 318(5855), 1418-1423.
[9] Randi, E., & Lucchini, V. (2002). Detecting rare introgression of domestic dog genes into wild wolf (Canis lupus) populations by Bayesian admixture analyses of microsatellite variation. Conservation Genetics, 3(1), 29-43.
[10] Anderson, T. M., vonHoldt, B. M., Candille, S. I., Musiani, M., Greco, C., Stahler, D. R., ... & Barsh, G. S. (2009). Molecular and evolutionary history of melanism in North American gray wolves. Science, 323(5919), 1339-1343.
[11] Hedrick, P. W. (2009). Wolf of a different colour. Heredity, 103(6), 435.
[12] Harcourt, A. H. (2009). White wolves can stand the heat. Science, 324(5931), 1141-1143.
[13] Rutledge, L. Y., Wilson, P. J., Kyle, C. J., Wheeldon, T. J., Patterson, B. R., & White, B. N. (2009). How the gray wolf got its color. Science, 325(5936), 33-34.
[14] Barsh, G. S., Anderson, T. M., Vonholdt, B. M., Candille, S. I., Musiani, M., Stahler, D. R., ... & Wayne, R. K. (2009). Response—How the Gray Wolf Got Its Color. Science, 325(5936), 34-34.
[15] Doyglas J. Futuyma. (2016) 生物进化 ,第三版. 高等教育出版社.
[16] Coulson, T., MacNulty, D. R., Stahler, D. R., VonHoldt, B., Wayne, R. K., & Smith, D. W. (2011). Modeling effects of environmental change on wolf population dynamics, trait evolution, and life history. Science, 334(6060), 1275-1278.
[17] Stahler, D. R., MacNulty, D. R., Wayne, R. K., VonHoldt, B., & Smith, D. W. (2013). The adaptive value of morphological, behavioural and life‐history traits in reproductive female wolves. Journal of Animal Ecology, 82(1), 222-234.
[18] Hedrick, P. W., Stahler, D. R., & Dekker, D. (2014). Heterozygote advantage in a finite population: black color in wolves. Journal of Heredity, 105(4), 457-465.
[19] Hedrick, P. W., Smith, D. W., & Stahler, D. R. (2016). Negative-assortative mating for color in wolves. Evolution, 70(4), 757-766.
[20] Cassidy, K. A., Mech, L. D., MacNulty, D. R., Stahler, D. R., & Smith, D. W. (2017). Sexually dimorphic aggression indicates male gray wolves specialize in pack defense against conspecific groups. Behavioural processes, 136, 64-72
[21] Schweizer, R. M., Durvasula, A., Smith, J., Vohr, S. H., Stahler, D. R., Galaverni, M., ... & Wayne, R. K. (2018). Natural selection and origin of a melanistic allele in North American gray wolves. Molecular biology and evolution, 35(5), 1190-1209.
[22] Johnston, R. A., Rheinwald, J. G., VonHoldt, B. M., Stahler, D. R., Lowry, W., Tung, J., & Wayne, R. K. (2021). K Locus effects in Gray wolves: experimental assessment of TLR3 Signaling and the gene expression response to canine distemper virus. Journal of Heredity, 112(5), 458-468.
[23] Ollivier, M., Tresset, A., Hitte, C., Petit, C., Hughes, S., Gillet, B., ... & Hänni, C. (2013). Evidence of coat color variation sheds new light on ancient canids. PloS one, 8(10), e75110.
[24] Bergström, A., Stanton, D. W., Taron, U. H., Frantz, L., Sinding, M. H. S., Ersmark, E., ... & Skoglund, P. (2022). Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs. Nature, 607(7918), 313-320.
[25] Khosravi, R., Asadi Aghbolaghi, M., Rezaei, H. R., Nourani, E., & Kaboli, M. (2015). Is black coat color in wolves of Iran an evidence of admixed ancestry with dogs?. Journal of applied genetics, 56, 97-105.
[26] Caniglia, R., Fabbri, E., Greco, C., Galaverni, M., Manghi, L., Boitani, L., ... & Randi, E. (2013). Black coats in an admixed wolf× dog pack is melanism an indicator of hybridization in wolves?. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 59, 543-555.
[27] Cubaynes, S., Brandell, E. E., Stahler, D. R., Smith, D. W., Almberg, E. S., Schindler, S., ... & Coulson, T. (2022). Disease outbreaks select for mate choice and coat color in wolves. Science, 378(6617), 300-303.
[28] Bannasch, D. L., Kaelin, C. B., Letko, A., Loechel, R., Hug, P., Jagannathan, V., ... & Leeb, T. (2021). Dog colour patterns explained by modular promoters of ancient canid origin. Nature ecology & evolution, 5(10), 1415-1423.
[29] Apollonio, M., Mattioli, L., & Scandura, M. (2004). Occurrence of black wolves in the Northern Apennines, Italy. Acta theriologica, 49, 281-285.