The atmosphere of feverish excitement was highly infectious; Harry couldn't stop grinning.
这种狂热的气氛极具传染性;哈利忍不住咧嘴笑了。
主句 The atmosphere was infectious. 气氛很有感染力。
扩展定语 The atmosphere [of excitement ] was infectious. [兴奋的] 气氛很有感染力。
扩展状语 The atmosphere of 【feverish】excitement was 【highly 】infectious. 【狂热地】兴奋的气氛【极】有感染力。

主句：it funds research. 它资助研究
扩写1：it funds research [(which was) designed to accelerate the transition.] 定语从句
扩写2：It funds research designed to accelerate the transition [from laboratory into practice.]
扩写3：It funds research designed to accelerate the transition (of research findings) [from laboratory into practice.]
扩写4：It funds research [specifically] designed to accelerate the transition of research findings from laboratory, [through clinical trials], into practice.
原句：(Part the Cloud) funds research specifically designed to accelerate the transition of research findings from the laboratory, through clinical trials, and into practice.

主句：He joined the program. 他加入了这个项目。
扩写1：He joined the program [by funding a $10 million award].
扩写2：He joined the （ global research ）program by funding a $10 million award.
原句：
Gates joined (the Alzheimer's Association Part the Cloud global research program) by funding a $10 million award.
盖茨通过资助1000万美元的奖金加入了阿尔茨海默病协会云计算全球研究项目。

主句：They were worn by Japanese people.
扩写1：(Kimonos) were worn by Japanese people (of varying ages and classes).
kimono [kɪˈməʊnəʊ] n. 和服
扩写2：Kimonos were (commonly) worn by Japanese people of varying ages and classes.
原句：加上时间状语
(Until the end of the 19th century, when Western influence became more prevalent), kimonos were commonly worn by Japanese people of varying ages and classes.
prevalent [ˈprevələnt] adj. 盛行的，普遍的

主句：He stuffed the parchment( into his pocket).
He dashed out( of the kitchen).
扩句1: He stuffed the parchment( into his pocket) and dashed out( of the kitchen).
扩句2: He stuffed the parchment (with his notes on it) into his pocket and dashed out of the kitchen (again).
原句：
He stuffed the parchment with his notes on it into his pocket and dashed out of the kitchen again.

主句：it will yield (useful) results.
扩写1: it will (probably) yield (fascinating, useful) results.
扩写2: (Pattern recognition machines put to use in biology or physics) will (probably) yield (fascinating, useful) results.
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原句：
Pattern recognition machines put to use in biology or physics will probably yield fascinating, useful results.