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[翻译]对英文维基氧气中毒词条的翻译

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1L吃掉


1楼2013-08-12 21:38回复
    昨天有个帖子里问吸纯氧能不能增加憋气时间,结果一群人跟帖说吸一口就喜大,让人感觉纯氧威力实在是无比巨大,而msds中更是有着“常压下,当氧的浓度超过40%时,有可能发生氧中毒。”的表述。但是msds中没有说明发生中毒所需要的暴露时间,下面楼主就通过对英文维基的翻译来看看氧气的威力到底有多大。


    2楼2013-08-12 21:38
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      我是氧气


      IP属地:湖北3楼2013-08-12 21:38
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        1.定义
        氧气中毒是指因吸入分压增大的氧气而造成不良反映的现象Oxygen toxicity is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen (O2)at elevated partial pressures.)


        本楼含有高级字体4楼2013-08-12 21:39
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          前排


          IP属地:加拿大5楼2013-08-12 21:41
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            2.Cause(个人觉得翻成发生条件比较合适)
            (a)中枢神经系统
            暴露在氧分压为160 kPa 的环境中几分钟到几小时通常会使中枢神经系统受到毒害,这主要 发生在潜水者和接受高压氧治疗者的身上(Exposures, from minutes to a few hours, to
            partial pressures of oxygen above 1.6 bars (160 kPa)—about eight times the standard atmospheric partial pressure—are usually associated with central nervous system oxygen toxicity and are most likely to occur among patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy and divers. )
            由于海平面上大气压为100kPa,对中枢神经系统的毒害仅仅会发生在高压氧舱这种气压高于一个标准大气压的环境中(Since sea level atmospheric pressure is about 1
            bar (100 kPa), central nervous system toxicity can only occur under hyperbaric conditions, where ambient
            pressure is above
            normal.[31][32] )
            (b)肺部
            肺部作为人体与氧气接触最多的部分,会最早出现症状(The lungs, as well as the remainder of the respiratory
            tract, are exposed to the highest
            concentration of oxygen in the human body and are therefore the first organs to
            show toxicity.)
            对肺部的影响会在氧分压为0.5个标准大气压,相当于一个标准大气压下氧气浓度为50%时发生(Pulmonary toxicity occurs with exposure to
            partial pressures of oxygen greater than 0.5 bar (50 kPa),
            corresponding to an oxygen fraction of 50% at normal atmospheric pressure.)
            当氧气浓度高于95%时,上呼吸道炎症等症状会在4到22小时后出现(也有研究认为无症状时间为14小时)(Signs of pulmonary toxicity begins with evidence
            of tracheobronchitis, or inflammation of the upper airways, after an
            asymptomatic period between 4 and 22 hours at greater than 95% oxygen,[34] with some studies suggesting symptoms usually
            begin after approximately 14 hours at this level of oxygen.[35])
            当氧分压为2至3倍标准大气压(纯氧)时,上述症状可能会在暴露于此环境中三小时后出现(At partial pressures of oxygen of 2 to 3 bar (200
            to 300 kPa)—100% oxygen at 2 to 3 times atmospheric pressure—these symptoms may
            begin as early as 3 hours after exposure to oxygen.[34] )
            小白鼠在1到3倍大气压下与在常压下呼吸氧气会产生不同的症状( Experiments on rats breathing oxygen at pressures
            between 1 and 3 bars (100 and 300 kPa) show that pulmonary manifestations of
            oxygen toxicity are not the same for normobaric conditions as they are for hyperbaric conditions.)
            在呼吸24小时纯氧后肺功能下降,48小时后各种病症,各种看不懂。。。(Evidence of decline in lung function as measured by pulmonary
            function testing can occur as quickly as 24 hours of continuous exposure to
            100% oxygen,[35] with
            evidence of diffuse alveolar damage and
            the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome usually
            occurring after 48 hours on 100% oxygen.[34])
            (c)视网膜
            长时间吸入高浓度氧气会导致视网膜损伤,根据msds上的说法吸太多24kXXX合金狗眼就瞎了(Prolonged exposure to high inspired fractions of
            oxygen causes damage to the retina.)


            6楼2013-08-12 21:41
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              3.预防
              (a)水下
              按着手册上的来,不做死就不会死
              (b)高压环境下
              会有各种方法减小纯氧带来的损伤
              (c)常压下
              没啥好说的。。。
              (d)低压下
              低压环境下氧气中毒可以被避免,因为中毒的原因是高氧分压而非氧高浓度过高(In low-pressure environments oxygen toxicity may be avoided since the toxicity is caused by high partial pressure of oxygen, not merely by high oxygen fraction.)
              现代纯氧的宇航服内部必须是低压的,这也体现在早期的航天器上,如阿波罗,双子座之类
              这里补一句,飞船内不采取纯氧供氧是出于防火的考虑,当年阿波罗一号发生火灾,由于舱内是纯氧环境,火势蔓延过于迅速,导致三名航天员直接被烧死在座椅上,如果没有采用纯氧供氧航天员就会获得更多的逃生时间


              7楼2013-08-12 21:43
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                那氧中毒原理是什么?


                8楼2013-08-12 21:44
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                  总结
                  1.氧气中毒与氧分压有关,与氧气浓度没有直接关系,氧分压越高中毒所需吸入时间越短
                  2.肺部是最先出现中毒症状的,当纯氧压强为2到3倍大气压时需要连续吸入3小时才会出现中毒症状
                  3.中枢神经系统在常压下不会受到影响
                  4.对视网膜的损害相比肺部需要更长的吸入时间
                  5.吸一口纯氧就会中毒。。。不科学



                  通过百度相册上传9楼2013-08-12 21:45
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                    最后附上msds中对氧气健康危害的描述“常压下,当氧的浓度超过40%时,有可能发生氧中毒。吸入40%~60%的氧时,出现胸骨后不适感、轻咳,进而胸闷、胸骨后烧灼感和呼吸困难,咳嗽加剧;严重时可发生肺水肿,甚至出现呼吸窘迫综合征。吸入氧浓度在80%以上时,出现面部肌肉抽动、面色苍白、眩晕、心动过速、虚脱,继而全身强直性抽搐、昏迷、呼吸衰竭而死亡。 长期处于氧分压为60~100kPa(相当于吸入氧浓度40%左右)的条件下可发生眼损害,严重者可失明。”


                    10楼2013-08-12 21:46
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                      维基上还有一组氧气毒性测试的实验数据,感觉和文章中的表述有所冲突,也贴出来看看,47年的实验



                      11楼2013-08-12 21:47
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                        请允喜


                        来自手机贴吧13楼2013-08-12 21:48
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                          另外大家也别过分相信维基,维基中文对氧气中毒的定义是氧气毒性指吸入高压氧气的时候的中毒状态,也称为氧气毒性症氧气中毒。而英文版中高压氧气改为了高氧分压,两者差距很大


                          本楼含有高级字体14楼2013-08-12 21:53
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                            另外没有将整个词条翻下来,主要选了可以解决问题的来翻,原文在这里http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity


                            15楼2013-08-12 21:57
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