（注 21）1918 年 Marie Stopes 推出 Married Love，1926 年 Theodoor Hendrik van de Velde在德国和荷兰同时推出 Ideal Marriage，两本都在美国成为畅销而且长销的婚姻手册。
（注 22）1920 年代欧洲各国进步人士也曾透过各种性改革的组织，如“性改革世界联盟”及“德国保护母亲暨性改革协会”，来推动性道德及文化革新，其中还包括苏联 1917 年革命之后，新社会对堕胎和同性恋的诸多开放、对妇女经济地位的改善以及婚姻家庭制度的松弛、对青少年和儿童性教育的创新学程等等新措施及政策。1920 年代欧洲的性革命承袭了当时左翼的进步思潮，把性视为社会文化的物质基础之一，也因而把性改革当成社会改革的重要环节，宣称追求更公义、更理性、更现代的性道德与性文化，以减轻强制式的禁欲为个人生活带来的痛苦压抑，并消除双重标准的伪善式性道德在社会中造成的恶果（如嫖妓、性病等等）。对同时期的赖希而言，1920 年代欧洲各国的性改革运动者虽然有其进步性，也具体地为消除非理性的性道德压迫尽过心力，但是，赖希坚定地指出，这些性改革运动者注定走不了多远，因为他们共同有一盲点：他们都还死守婚姻制度为最后底线：换句话说，性改革者只希望在不动摇婚姻制度的前提之下，对当时的性道德做局部的改革，以建立一个新的、比较理性的新道德秩序，她们所作的努力充其量只是调整了婚姻的内容和性质以保存婚姻体制而已（Reich, The Sexual 52-73；亦可参考Seidman, Romantic 73-81）。

（注 27）历史学家认为 1960 年代性革命的号角是由两本重要的女性著作吹响的。其中较为女性主义者乐道的是 1963 年 Betty Friedan，愤慨描绘中产家庭主妇生命荒原的《女性迷思》（The Feminine Mystique），另外一本就是这里所说的、更早一年出版而且轻松决断的一举将婚姻及女性迷思彻底撇弃的《性与单身女郎》 （Ehrenreich et. al. 56）。
（注 28）1950 年代初的冷战高峰是美苏之间在古巴的剑拔弩张，末期则转为两国的太空争霸战，1957 年苏联成功的发射 Sputnik 太空船，美国惊觉落后遂投入大量经费和奖助学金来补助大学的扩张，希冀透过教育来提升竞争力。这个“教育的民主化”为原本与高等教育无缘的女性和少数民族成员开辟了自主自立的道路（Faderman 197）。
（注 29） “意识觉醒”这个名词是纽约市左翼女性主义者 Kathie Sarachild 所创，但是这种活动的灵感来源则是50 年代全球反帝、反殖运动中发展出来提升人民自觉的团体活动；Sarachild 曾经参加过的民权运动在南方黑人群众中就曾有“细诉真相”（tell it like it is）的做法，中共在农民中则推动过“忆苦思甜” ，瓜地马拉革命游击队也使用过类似策略来提升群众意识（Echols 83-84）。
（注 30）此刻另外两本以通俗语言撰写的经典著作则是 Alex Comfort 的 The Joy of Sex（1972）以及 Nancy Friday 的 My Secret Garden（1973） ，前者以丰富露骨的图片和明确的文字描绘，具体教导读者如何创意地享受性爱，后者则展现了女性性幻想的狂野和主动，直逼任何社会的道德禁忌。这类著作的风行都宣告了性医学再也不能垄断性的论述。

参考书目
Adam, Barry D. The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement. Revised Edition. New York: Twayne, 1995.
Althusser, Louis. For Marx. Trans. by Ben Brewster. New York: Random House, 1969.
Altman, Dennis. "Political Sexualities: Meanings and Identities in the Times of AIDS." Conceiving Sexuality: Approaches to Sex Research in a Postmodern World. Eds. By Richard G. Parker and John H. Gagnon. London: Routledge, 1995. 97-106.
Asbell, Bernard. The Pill: A Biography of the Drug That Changed the World. New York: Random House, 1995.
Bailey, Beth. From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in Twentieth-Century America. Baltimore: U of Maryland P, 1988.
Berger, Peter & Brigitte Berger. The War Over the Family: Capturing the Middle Ground. New York: Anchor, 1983.
Bremmer, Jan. From Sappho to De Sade: Moments in the History of Sexuality. London: Routledge, 1989, 1991.
Bullough, Vern L. "The Development of Sexology in the USA in the Early Twentieth Century." Science in the Bedroom: A History of Sex Research. New York: HarperCollins, 1994. 303-322.
D'Emilio, John. Making Trouble: Essays on Gay History, Politics, and the University. New York: Routledge, 1992.
D'Emilio, John & Estelle B. Freedman. Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.
Dimen, Muriel. "Power, Sexuality, and Intimacy." Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing. Eds. by Alison M. Jaggar & Susan R. Bordo. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1989, 1992. 34-51.
Echols, Alice. Daring To Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America, 1967-1975. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1989.
Ehrenreich, Barbara. The Hearts of Men: American Dreams and the Flight from Commitment. New York: Doubleday, 1983.
Ehrenreich, Barbara, Elizabeth Hess, & Gloria Jacobs. Re-Making Love: The Feminization of Sex. New York: Doubleday, 1986.
Epstein, Barbara. "Family, Sexual Morality, and Popular Movements in Turn-Of-Century America." Snitow et. al. 155-168.
Escoffier, Jeffrey. "Sexual Revolution and the Politics of Gay Identity." Socialist Review 15 (1985): 119-153.
Evans, David T. Sexual Citizenship: The Construction of Sexualities. London: Routledge, 1993.
Faderman, Lillian. Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America. New York: Penguin, 1991.
Faludi, Susan. Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women. New York: Crown, 1991.
Fine, Michelle. "Sexuality, Schooling, and Adolescent Females: The Missing Discourse of Desire." Disruptive Voices: The Possibilities of Feminist Research. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1992. 31-59.
Fiske, John. Understanding Popular Culture. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989.
Foucault, Michel. History of Sexuality. Vol. 1: An Introduction. Trans. by Robert Hurley. New York: Random House, 1978, 1980.
Fout, John C. & Maura Shaw Tantillo, eds. American Sexual Politics: Sex, Gender, and Race Since the Civil War. Chicago: U of Chicago P., 1990, 1991, 1992,1993.
Freedman, Estelle B. "The Historical Construction of Homosexuality in the US." Socialist Review 25.1 (1995) : 31-46.
Friedan, Betty. The Feminine Mystique. New York: Dell, 1963. ---. The Second Stage. New York: Summit, 1981.
Grant, Linda. Sexing the Millennium: Women and the Sexual Revolution. New York: Grove, 1994.
Green, Jonathon. It: Sex Since the Sixties. London: Secker & Warburg, 1993.
Greer, Germaine. The Female Eunuch. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970, 1971.---. Sex and Destiny: The Politics of Human Fertility. New York: Harper and Row, 1984.
Haag, Pamela S. "In Search of 'The Real Thing': Ideologies of Love, Modern Romance, and Women's Sexual Subjectivity in the United States, 1920-40." Font & Tantillo 161-192.
Haste, Cate. Rules of Desire: Sex in Britain World I to the Present. London: Random House, 1992.
Hekma, Gert. "A Hstory of Sexology: Social and Historical Aspects of Sexuality." Bremmer 173-193.
Illich, Ivan. Gender. New York: Pantheon, 1983.
Irvine, M. Janice. Disorders of Desire: Sex and Gender in Modern American Sexology. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1990.
Jeffreys, Sheila. Anticllimax: A Feminist Perspective on the Sexual Revolution. New York: New York UP, 1990.
Jenness, Valerie. Making It Work: The Prostitutes' Rights Movement in Perspective. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1993.
Kinsey, Alfred, et. al. Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1953.
Kon, Igor S. The Sexual Revolution in Russia from the Age of the Czars to Today. Trans. by James Riordan. New York: Free P, 1995.
Kramer, Rita. In Defense of the Family: Raising Children in America Today. New York: Basic Books, 1983.
Lasch, Christopher. Haven in a Heartless World: The Family Besieged. New York: Basic Books, 1977.
MacKinnon, Catharine A. Toward a Feminist Theory of the State. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1989.
Millett, Kate. Sexual Politics. New York: Doubleday, 1970.
Patton, Cindy. Inventing Aids. London: Routledge, 1990.
Peiss, Kathy. '"Charity Girls' and City Pleasure: Historical Notes on Working Class Sexuality, 1880-1920." Snitow et. al. 127-139.
Porter, Roy & Milulas Teich. Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Science: The History of Attitudes to Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994.
Reich, Wilhelm. The Mass Psychology of Fascism. Trans. by Vincent R. Carfagno. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1970. ---. The Sexual Revolution: Toward a Self-Regulating Character Structure. Trans. by Therese Pol. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1945, 1962, 1969, 1974.
Riessman, Catherine Kohler. "Women and Medicalization: A New Perspective." Inventing Women: Science, Technology and Gender. Eds. by Gill Kirkup & Laurie Smith Keller. London: Polity, 1992.
123-144.
Robinson, Paul. The Modernization of Sex: Havelock Ellis, Alfred Kinsey, William Masters and Virginia Johnson. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1976, 1989.
Rorty, Richard. Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity. New York: Cambridge UP, 1989.
Rubin, Gayle. "Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality." The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader. Eds. by Henry Abelove, Michele Aina Barale, & David M. Halperin. London: Routledge, 1993. 3-44.
Sayres, Sohnya, Anders Stephanson, Stanley Aronowitz, & Fredric Jameson. The 60s Without Apology. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1984.
Schur, Edwin M. The Americanization of Sex. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1988.
Segal, Lynne. Straight Sex: Rethinking the Politics of Pleasure. London: Virago, 1994.
Segal, Lynne & Mary McIntosh, eds. Sex Exposed: Sexuality and the Pornography Debate. London: Virago, 1992.
Seidman, Steven. Embattled Eros: Sexual Politics and Ethics in Contemporary America. New York: Routledge, 1992. ---. Romantic Longings: Love in America, 1830-1980. New York:
Routledge, 1991.
Smyth, Cherry. Lesbians Talk Queer Notions. London: Scarlet P, 1992.
Snitow, Ann, Christine Stansell & Sharon Thompson, eds. Desire: The Politics of Sexuality. London: Virago, 1983.
Stacey, Judith. "Are Feminists Afraid to Leave Home?: The Challenge of Conservative Pro-Family Feminism." What is Feminism: A Re-Examination. Eds. By Juliet Mtchell and Ann Oakley. New York: Pantheon, 1986. 208-237.
Thompson, Sharon. "Feminism and Teen Romance: 1966-1983." Sayres et.al., 296-299.
Vance, Carole S. "Negotiating Sex and Gender in the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography." Segal & McIntosh 29-49.
Vance, Carole S., ed. Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality. 2nd edition. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1992.
Weeks, Jeffrey. Sexuality and Its Discontents: Meanings, Myths & Modern Sexualities. London: Routledge, 1985.
Williams, Linda. Hard Core: Power, Pleasure, and the 'Frenzy of the Visible.' Berkeley: U of California P, 1989.
Willis, Ellen. "Foreward." Echols xvii-xv. ---. No More Nice Girls: Countercultural Essays. London: Wesleyan UP, 1992.