2016考研阅读热点话题之：美国公立学校改革话题
THOSE hoping for an end tothe suspense will be disappointed.
解析：
词汇：Suspense:兴奋，紧张，担心，挂虑
主干：Thosewill be disappointed.
定语：hopingfor an end to the suspense
参考译文:那些希望结束担心的人将要失望了。
America’s labour marketupdate—the last before the Federal Reserve’s meeting on September 17th—did notprovide much clarity about the chance of an imminent rise in interest rates.
解析：
词汇：update信息更新
Imminent立即的，迫切的，危急的; 逼近的
主干：America’s labour market update did not provide muchclarity about the chance of an imminent rise in interest rates.
参考译文：美国劳动力市场信息的更新并没有很清晰的说明是否会立即上调利率。
For months, Fed officialshave emphasized that their decision on when to raise rates will depend on thedata.
参考译文：几个月以来美联储的官员就一直在强调决定说明时候上调利率将取决于数据。
But with no further major data releases before the meeting, theoutcome remains a cliffhanger.
参考译文：但是在会议前不会再有进一步主要数据的发布，所以结果依然将是悬而未决的事情。
Common Core allows pupils in different states to be measured against each other. Until No Child Left Behind, an education act signed by George W. Bush that required states to test pupils annually, only 19 did so. Now they all must.
Common Core is also being squeezed from the left, where it is seen as part of a conservative drive to undermine teachers and their unions by continuous, unfair, testing. The Democratic Party in Washington state has condemned Common Core, and Randi Weingarten, head of the second-biggest teachers’ union, has said the standards must be “guides, not straitjackets.” Between these two ideological poles, it is a wonder America can improve its public schools at all.

A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.
词汇突破：graduate students 毕业生
intellectual智力的；有才智的；需用智力的；（主要强调后天的知识）；知识分子的
Slum 贫民窟，贫民区
the intellectual poor穷知识分子
classic poor 典型的穷人
Beat Generation 垮掉的一代
Guise 伪装
主干识别：A greatnumber of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum
大批的大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟
其他成分：when inthe United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor 状语
在美国穷知识分子成为了典型的穷人
the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation,同位语
在颇为浪漫的垮掉的一代的伪装下的穷人
a real phenomenon in the late fifties.同位语
这是在50年代后期真实的现象
翻译点拨：可以采取逆序法翻译，先翻译时间再翻译主句。
（在考研的时候只要能基本翻译正确，不调整语序通常只会被扣0.5分，一定要确定自己调整的是正确的再去调整。）
参考译文：50年代晚期在美国出现了一个真实的现象，美国的穷知识分子（披上了）颇为浪漫的“垮掉的一代”的伪装，成为了典型性的穷 人，也就是在那时，大批的大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。
补充知识：hippies: 嬉皮士作为一场文化反叛，它针对的是传统的价值观念和生活方式。它深刻的影响了美国社会的方方面面。嬉皮士们在 60年代所努力争取的和平，友爱和自由的理想和价值观念，并没有因为社会现实的改变而失败，相反却是逐渐地深入人心。

2016年翻译预测！
翻译中非常重要并且可以操作的技巧就是:调整语序，转化词性；
有两个非常经典的句子
The common market aimed to establish among its member states a free movement of labor and capital, the elimination of
restrictions on trade, common investment practices, and coordinated social welfare programs.
首先你得知道：among its member states 在这里是做状语；
establish a free movement of labor and capital, the elimination of restrictions on trade, common investment practices,
and coordinated social welfare programs.
直接翻译：共同市场旨在其成员国之间确立劳资的自由流动，贸易限制的取消，共同投资的实践，以及协调的社会福利计划。
名词变动词以后就是：
共同市场打算在其成员国之间确立劳资的自由流动，取消贸易限制，实行共同投资，制定协调一致的社会福利计划。
（是不是感觉清爽的不得了）
2.Depreciation of French currency in international markets and
inflation at home resulted.
结构解析：
A and B resulted.
（挺让人觉得不爽的一个结构吧。）
直接翻译：
法国货币在国际市场的贬值和国内的通货膨胀产生了。
调整语序，转化词性：
结果，法国货币在国际市场上贬值，国内出现通货膨胀。

考研必背短语：not for nothing ( 并非没有原因；置于句首引起倒装） Not for nothing is the Suez crisis known in Egypt as the“ tripartite aggression”.因此，埃及把苏伊士运河危机看作是“三方侵略”并非没有原因。
（正常语序是： The Suez crisis is known in Egypt as the“ tripartite aggression” not for nothing）
今天的句子是NYT上面的文章标题是：
Web Hunt for DNA Sequences Leaves Privacy Compromised
（在网络上追踪基因排序使得隐私受到侵害）
The genetic data posted online seemed perfectly anonymous—a string of billions of letter. But all it took was some clever hunting on Web for a genetics researcher to identify five people he randomly selected from study group. Not only that, he found their entire families, even though relatives had no part in the study— identifying nearly 50 people.
词汇突破：Compromised 伤害，侵害
Randomly 随机
Not only that 不仅如此
a string of 一系列
句子解析: 1. all it took was… 主干 可以看成一个句型了，翻译为所需要的一切是..
就好像Time was when…翻译为“曾经”是类似的…
2. — identifying nearly 50 people. 发出identifying动作的主语是he;
翻译主要是要切分，调序，至于赋意我就不强求你们了。
参考译文：在网上发布的基因数据，那些来自1000多人的长达几十亿个字母串的DNA信息，看似是完全匿名的。但一位遗传学研究者却确定了5个人的身份，这些人是从研究人群中随机选出来的，他只是用了一些有技巧的网络搜索而已。（特别注意这句话的调序）不仅如此，他还找出了他们整个家族的信息，确定了近50个人的身份，虽然这些亲属与研究一点也不沾边。

对不起。。昨天没发。。。

The devices used by thelaboratories, known as DNA sequencers, have greatly accelerated biomedicalresearch and discovery, allowing scientists to pinpoint mutations and devisetreatments tailored to the genetic characteristics of individual patients. Suchtests and treatments, developed in research laboratories, are quickly moving intothe practice of medicine.
Why the disease can be diagnosedand treatment can be developed accurately?
(A)The tests and treatmentscan be transformed swiftly into medical practice.
(B) Laboratories have beenequipped with mutations and treatments used by scientists.
(C) DNA sequencers havegreatly accelerated biomedical research and discovery.
(D) The geneticcharacteristics of individual patients can be used by laboratories.

考研考过乔姆斯基了，考过维多利亚时期的写作风格了，考过萧伯纳了，考过爱默生了，考过莎士比亚了；在准备应试的时候懂点文化是必要的。来看看今天的句子吧，绝对不容错过！
As she put it in The Common Reader, “Although it is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet,
as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore. ”
背景介绍：杰弗里·乔叟（GeoffreyChaucer，1342年—1400年），英国中世纪著名作家，诗人，做过官，当过国王的使者，死后被葬在威斯敏斯特教堂。被后人称为：英国诗歌之父，甚至有些论著认为其是英国文学之父。牛人一枚。其最著名的作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》 (The Canterbury Tales)。这哥们之所以牛，主要还是由于到了意大利和法国，开了眼见，认识了更牛的比如但丁、彼特拉克和薄伽丘等人的作品，回国后作品风格就从理想主义转变为了现实主义，揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善，谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活。
词汇突破：frame 制定
morality 道德
Pore 毛孔
句子解析：这个句子在结构上还真不难：
As she put it in The Common Reader,非限定性定语从句开头；
就如她在普通读者一书中所说的那样，
Althoughit is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set uponanother because of anything Chaucer said or wrote;
状语从句：
it issafe to say that 可以安全的说=可以毫无疑问的说=可以确定的说=可以保险的说=可以肯定的说
not asingle law has been framed 没有一个法律被制定
onestone set upon another 没有一个石头被放到了另外一个石头上=没有一栋建筑被修起来
becauseof anything Chaucer said or wrote 由于乔叟说的或写的任何事情；
状从+主句
and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore. ”
但是，当我们读他（作品）的时候，我们每个毛孔都吸满了道德。
特别解析：这里必须注意在理解这部分的时候不能只从语法上理解了，作者在这里实际使用了比喻的手段：
“没有法律被制定，没有建筑被修起来”说明乔叟的影响并不在于实际的生活。
“每个毛孔都吸满了道德”说明乔叟对我们思想的影响很大。
参考译文：就如她在普通读者一书中所说的那样，虽然我们可以很确定的说没有一个法律是由于乔叟说的或写的任何事情而被制定的，也没有一栋建筑是由于他说的或写的任何事情被修起来的，但是当我们在读他的作品时，我们每个毛孔都吸满了道德。

题干中：disease can be diagnosed andtreatment can be developed accurately = pinpoint mutations and devisetreatments
所以定位就是第一句！
这个句子长吧得切分吧！
The devices used by thelaboratories, known as DNA sequencers, have greatly accelerated biomedicalresearch and discovery, /allowing scientists to pinpoint mutations and devisetreatments tailored to the genetic characteristics of individual patients.
第二个部分独立成句：
allowing 的主语就是前面的主句啊！有it代替一下吧:
It allows scientists topinpoint mutations and devise treatments… …
这个独立成句的句子中就有了因果关系啊：
It = 原因
scientists to pinpointmutations and devise treatments=结果！
所以主句就是原因
答案就是：
(C) DNA sequencers havegreatly accelerated biomedical research and discovery.
其他几个选项就是胡乱拼凑的！
和文章一样的可以选
出题人很多次都把正确答案设置成和原文一样的了
你按套路做题就好了!别管是不是一样的!这不是标准！
参考译文：在实验室中，承担这类工作的设备称为DNA测序仪，有了它，科学家们就可以精确地定位突变，并针对患者个体的遗传特征量身打造个性化治疗，极大地促进了生物医学研究和发现。这类测试和治疗方法虽诞生于研究性实验室，但很快就进入了医疗实践领域。

Plenty of retired officers argue that business people have much to learn from the armed services.For example, business theorists increasingly emphasizes the importance of corporate culture, yet many new businesses do a dismal job of nurturing it. The military services, by contrast, have been adept at preserving their culture at a time of social turmoil.Granted, they have sometimes been slow to change. America only lifted the ban on openly gay troops in 2011, and on women in combat last month. But still, armies are much better than other institutions at building a lifelong esprit de corps. Military mottoes make strong men cry: (“The few, the proud”; “Who dares wins”). Most corporate mission statements makedesk warriors cringe with embarrassment.
Q: That emerging businesses attach less attention to nurturing culture is mentioned to__
(A) show the importance of corporate culture in the times of turbulentsociety.
(B) show difference between theorists and the new business.
(C) show private sectors should take a page from military category.
(D) show military mottoes also make warriors cry.

例证题：第一环节：定位。例证题最为关键的环节;我们首先通过题干中的定位词返回原文找到例子本身;但是例子本身并不是答案的来源，一定要寻找到例子所对应的观点。包含观点的句子就是线索句。而寻找的方法在我课堂中已经总结出了种种模式。第二环节：同意替换(将四个选项分别与线索句分别比对)。表达方式不同意思最为接近的选项就是正确答案;第三环节：排除。例证题基本不用排除环节，只要定位准了就能作对，做错基本都是定位不准造成的。
只要能定位第一句，答案就很明显是C：businesspeople=private sectortakea page from= learnmilitarycategory=armed force

今天再来两个非常经典的翻译句子，之在翻译的技巧上再次强调
切分
转化换词性，
适当的在独立成句后加上关联词。
.
第一个句子:
The entrance of the sciences into the circle of liberal studies also met
powerful opposition.
这个句子的切分点就是：
The entrance of the sciences into the circle of liberal studies
这个部分中的entrance可以翻译为动词；
科学（学科）进入人文学科领域（的时候），
2. /also met powerful opposition.
也遇到了强烈的抵制。
第二个句子：
Naturally, scientific studies were opposed on the ground that they were anti-religious in their effect, the breeders of atheism, and the destroyers of faith.
切分：
Naturally, scientific studies were opposed /on the ground that /they
were anti-religious in their effect, the breeders of atheism, and the
destroyers of faith.
其中：
anti-religious
breeders
destroyers
这三个词可以转译为动词；
这样句子可以这样翻译：（你们可以自己先翻译一下）
很自然，科学研究受到了反对，理由是这些研究实际上反对宗教，催生无神论，破坏信仰。

写作必背句子！
Liberal education must notlimit itself to critical thinking and problem solving; it must also fosteropenness, participation and opportunity.
词汇突破：liberaleducation 素质教育
foster 培养
参考译文：素质教育不应该只局限于批判性思维和问题解决的能力。还必须培养开放的态度，参与的精神和机遇。
It should be designed totake us beyond the campus to a life of ongoing, pragmatic learning that findsinspiration in unexpected sources, and increases our capacity to understand andcontribute to the world — and reshape it, and ourselves, in the process.
词汇突破：ongoing持续的
pragmatic 实用的
reshape 重塑
句子分析：
主干
it should be designed totake us beyond the campus to a life.
其他成份：
of ongoing, pragmaticlearning 定语
that finds inspiration inunexpected sources, and increases our capacity to understand and contribute tothe world — and reshape it, and ourselves, in the process. 定语从句
并列动词：findsand increase
understand and contribute and reshape 并列动词
注意：逗号和破折号的用法其实是很自由的，作者很多时候为了强调一些词和短语，尤其是在并列的时候，多加一个逗号或破折号没有什么值得奇怪的，也没有太多规律可讲，所以不用纠结。
参考译文：素质教育的宗旨应当是引导我们超越校园，走向一种持续和务实的学习生活，这种学习能让我们从未知的资源中找到灵感，并增强理解世界和为世界做贡献的能力，并在这一过程中重塑这个世界和我们自己。

今天的句子：
The National Labour Relations Board(NLRB), a body set up in the Depression to rule on disputes between workers andmanagement that is liked by Democrats and loathed by Republicans, is expectedto issue a ruling on the matter in the final days of August.
主干识别：NLRBis expected to issue a ruling on the matter
其他成分：同位语：a body set up in theDepression to rule on disputes between workers and management that is liked byDemocrats and loathed by Republicans 这是一家设立于大萧条时期的机构，旨在解决劳资双方争端的机构，民主党青睐这家机构，而共和党厌恶这家机构；
参考译文：国家劳工关系委员会设立于大萧条时期，旨在解决劳资双方争端，民主党青睐这家机构，而共和党厌恶这家机构；本月底委员会将对这件事做出裁决。

People generally will soon understand that writers should be judged, not according to rules and species, which are contrary to nature and art, but according to the immutable principles of the art of composition, and the special laws of their individual temperaments
总的说来，人们将很快明白，评价作家不应该依据规则和种类，（这些是与自然和艺术背道而驰的）而应依据艺术创作永恒的原理，依据个性的的特殊规律。
这个句子在翻译的过程中最大的难点就是对which从句位置的处理；最后的解决办法推崇的是加括号的形式；这样避免冗长和生涩的感觉。
其次被动语态转译为主动语态也让译文流畅不少！