1.2 The requests of jet-propelled engine (ion electric thruster) and atomic energy on spacecraft which making an interstellar-travel in the solar-system , especially on the spacefighter
a,The all-electric propulsion satellites that was resently advocated by the space industry will not only be a development of Astronautics，but also a revolution of space engine （jet-propelled engine）.Namely we will replace all the rocket-propelled engine with ion electric thruster in the future.On the premise of being capable of endlessly absorbing sunlight with the solar-panel,then the ion electric thruster will use less quantity and mass of the propelling medium than the chemical rocket.Of course the atomic battery have already supplied electricity to the ion electric thruster in the deep space probe.This will be the direction and the result of the advancement of aerospace science and technology.
b,There are so many kinds of ion-electric thruster at present,and each one have its advantages and disadvantages,but their fundamental principles can always be gaining the thrust from spraying out the ion，which is the particle can be ionised by using only electric power supplied by solar-cells.As the propulsion technology of spacecraft can till be confined to the power,it will not be able to achieve one hundred thousands to millions of specific impulse which the spacecraft need,and cannot create the large thrust of jet engine of aircraft as well.But the future aerospace vehicle or fighter can require both the characteristic of aircraft's lowspecific impulse and large thrust,and the characteristic of spacecraft's high specific impulse and small thrust.So there is a huge contradiction between them.
c,The speed of the particles ejecting from the satellite's ion-electic thruster can reach 60 kilometers per second，and the specific impulse is already larger than 3000,but its biggest thrust is not more than 10 newtons.If we want to achieve several tons of thrust on the spacecraft flying in the inner space of solar-system,and as far as possible to reduce the quantity of working medium,then we shall have to increace the speed of the ejected particle as close as possible to the speed of light.So the toroidal synchrotron should be the best thruster or engine which can be use to accelerate the ion.The toroidal synchrotron should not only accelerate the speed of the ion as near as to the speed of light,but also can be use to emit a laser or shot an ion beam,both of them will be used as a kind of directed energy weapon.
d,The most important thing is the energy source when flying in the space or making a interstellar travel.These energy will include three varieties ,that is the nuclear fission and the nuclear fusion and the antimatter/matter reaction.Among them,the development of the nuclear fission have been maturing，but the nuclear reactor is too heavy to be used in the small spacecraft.The controllable nuclear fusion have already achieved many developments,perhaps the inertial confinement fusion can be easier to achieve,but it is less used to study the control and confine of the plasma for a long time.Among the magnetic confinement fusions,the stable time of the plasma-flow in the tokamak devices have lasted two minutes,the stability of the plasma-flow in the stellarator might be better.Although both of them will not be capable of increasing substantially the power generation efficiency，but if the tokamak devices can be combined with the toroidal synchrotron,then it will become an ideal ion electric thruster in the spacecraft,and achieving larger thrust by accelerating larger numbers of propulsive working medium as close as possible to the speed of light in the space,or creating largest thrust by accelerating largest numbers of fresh air which the engine absorbing to a lower speed in the atmosphere.So it is a wonderful electromechanical construction of ion electric thruster.In addition,there are many designs that have been put forward,which put the theory that capable of containing one hundred million degrees of plasma-flow inthe tokamak devices to use in the prober landing on the sun,that can resist the high temperature of sun.And there are many other theories,that want to accelerate the toroidal plasma-flow which have been compressing by strong electric current,and then shot it out to attack the military target and will be automatically explosive.This can be used as an intermediate or short range weapon of defence which can be called the bomb and shell about the toroidal plasma-flow that might be as similar as the ball lightning.
e,It has been known to all in the astronautics field that the ideal power of the future spacecraft will come from the antimatter/matter reaction.Beacause the nuclear fission and the nuclear fusion have only a tiny fraction of masses to be converted to power,but conversion of energy of the antimatter/matter reaction can reach 100 per cent.There are several diffculty in this antimatter.Firstly,it is the problem of the great cost of production,secondly,the problem of how to store a large quantity of the antimatter steadily and safely，thirdly，the problem of how to shield the γ–ray coming from the antimatter/matter reaction.
To summarize,if we want to cover the long distance between the eight major planets of the solar-system with a high speed，the request about the ion electric thruster and the atomic power technology has been clear.Namely,the spacefighter can only use the toroidal synchrotron as a kind of engine which can provide high power and high thrust，and the antimatter as a kind of atomic power in it，meanwhile,it can provide a laser or an ion beam as a kind of directed energy weapon.Then we can make further innovation on the basis of this theory,and guide a better development in the engineering innovatively and practically in the next step.But the premise is that we can resist the temptations of the theories about faster-than-light and anti-theory of relativity.